Shi Shaoyan, Ou Xuehai, Liu Chao, Li Rui, Zheng Qianjin, Hu Leiming
Department of Hand Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Honghui Hospital North District, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710000, People's Republic of China.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2024 Dec 27;19:14043-14058. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S500364. eCollection 2024.
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a primary contributor to chronic back pain and disability globally, with current therapeutic approaches often proving inadequate due to the complex nature of its pathophysiology. This review assesses the potential of nanoparticle-driven pharmacotherapies to address the intricate challenges presented by IDD. We initially analyze the primary mechanisms driving IDD, with particular emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and the inflammatory microenvironment, all of which play pivotal roles in disc degeneration. Then, we evaluate the application of metal-phenolic and catalytic nanodots in targeting mitochondrial defects and alleviating oxidative stress within the degenerative disc environment. Additionally, multifunctional and stimuli-responsive nanoparticles are explored for their capacity to provide precise targeting and controlled therapeutic release, offering improved localization and sustained delivery. Finally, we outline future research directions and identify emerging trends in nanoparticle-based therapies, highlighting their potential to significantly advance IDD treatment by overcoming the limitations of conventional therapeutic modalities and enabling more effective, targeted management strategies.
椎间盘退变（IDD）是全球慢性背痛和残疾的主要原因，由于其病理生理学的复杂性，目前的治疗方法往往效果不佳。本综述评估了纳米颗粒驱动的药物疗法应对IDD所带来的复杂挑战的潜力。我们首先分析驱动IDD的主要机制，特别强调线粒体功能障碍、氧化应激和炎症微环境，所有这些在椎间盘退变中都起着关键作用。然后，我们评估金属酚类和催化纳米点在针对线粒体缺陷和减轻退变椎间盘环境中的氧化应激方面的应用。此外，还探讨了多功能和刺激响应性纳米颗粒精确靶向和控制治疗释放的能力，以实现更好的定位和持续递送。最后，我们概述了未来的研究方向，并确定了基于纳米颗粒疗法的新趋势，强调它们通过克服传统治疗方式的局限性和实现更有效、有针对性的管理策略，显著推进IDD治疗的潜力。
