Tiruneh Fentanesh Nibret, Ntenda Peter Austin Morton
Department of Applied Human Nutrition Faculty of Chemical and Food Engineering Bahir Dar Institute of Technology Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, P.O. Box 79, Ethiopia.
Bahir Dar Food and Nutrition Research Center Bahir Dar Institute of Technology Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, P.O. Box 79, Ethiopia.
Breast J. 2024 Sep 21;2024:1987378. doi: 10.1155/2024/1987378. eCollection 2024.
Breast cancer is currently the most frequently detected cancer in women and the primary cause of cancer-related deaths globally. The incidence of breast cancer has significantly increased in countries across sub-Saharan Africa, counting Ethiopia. There are multiple determinants of breast cancer, a few of these can be changeable whereas others are not. Evidence suggests that breastfeeding, which is a changeable determinant, reduces breast cancer risk. However, there is a lack of evidence specifically linking the duration of breastfeeding to breast cancer risk. To date, no study has been conducted on the association between the duration of breastfeeding and the likelihood of breast cancer among Ethiopian women.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between breastfeeding duration and breast cancer risk in Ethiopian mothers who had breastfed, taking into account other significant determinants.
A hospital-based case-control study was carried out in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, involving 203 women (70 cases and 133 controls). Face-to-face interviews were performed using a standardized, validated questionnaire that assessed various sociodemographic, reproductive, lifestyle, and dietary characteristics. Differences between cases and controls were evaluated using the chi-square test. The associations among factors were examined through bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression, with results presented as odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.
The multivariable investigation revealed that an inverse relationship between breastfeeding duration and breast cancer risk. Mothers who breastfed for a longer period had a 93% lower risk of breast cancer (AOR = 0.07; 95% CI: 0.021-0.21) compared to those who breastfed for a shorter duration. Younger mothers had a 95% lower likelihood of developing breast cancer (AOR = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.003-0.91) than older mothers. Additionally, mothers with sedentary behaviour were 10.53 times more likely to develop breast cancer (AOR = 10.53; 95% CI: 5.21-21.36) than those who were moderately or highly active. Mothers who experienced chest therapy were 6.43 times more likely to develop breast cancer (AOR = 6.43; 95% CI: 3.20-13.90) compared to those who had not.
Interventions such as breastfeeding counselling and promoting the recommended duration of breastfeeding are crucial in minimizing the risk of breast cancer. Enhancing physical activity should also be viewed as a vital approach for lowering breast cancer risk. Additionally, healthcare professionals need to limit exposure to chest radiation therapy to reduce the likelihood of breast cancer.
乳腺癌是目前女性中最常被检测出的癌症，也是全球癌症相关死亡的主要原因。在撒哈拉以南非洲各国，包括埃塞俄比亚，乳腺癌的发病率显著上升。乳腺癌有多种决定因素，其中一些是可以改变的，而另一些则不能。有证据表明，母乳喂养作为一个可改变的决定因素，可降低患乳腺癌的风险。然而，缺乏具体将母乳喂养时长与乳腺癌风险联系起来的证据。迄今为止，尚未针对埃塞俄比亚女性母乳喂养时长与患乳腺癌可能性之间的关联进行研究。
本研究的目的是评估埃塞俄比亚有过母乳喂养经历的母亲中，母乳喂养时长与乳腺癌风险之间的关系，并考虑其他重要决定因素。
在埃塞俄比亚的巴赫达尔开展了一项基于医院的病例对照研究，涉及203名女性（70例病例和133名对照）。使用标准化、经过验证的问卷进行面对面访谈，该问卷评估了各种社会人口统计学、生殖、生活方式和饮食特征。病例组和对照组之间的差异使用卡方检验进行评估。通过双变量和多变量二元逻辑回归检查各因素之间的关联，结果以比值比和95%置信区间呈现。
多变量调查显示母乳喂养时长与乳腺癌风险呈负相关。与母乳喂养时间较短的母亲相比，母乳喂养时间较长的母亲患乳腺癌的风险降低了93%（调整后比值比[AOR]=0.07；95%置信区间：0.021 - 0.21）。年轻母亲患乳腺癌的可能性比年长母亲低95%（AOR = 0.05；95%置信区间：0.003 - 0.91）。此外，久坐不动的母亲患乳腺癌的可能性是适度或高度活跃母亲的10.53倍（AOR = 10.53；95%置信区间：5.21 - 21.36）。接受过胸部治疗的母亲患乳腺癌的可能性是未接受过胸部治疗母亲的6.43倍（AOR = 6.43；95%置信区间：3.20 - 13.90）。
诸如母乳喂养咨询和推广建议的母乳喂养时长等干预措施对于将乳腺癌风险降至最低至关重要。增加身体活动也应被视为降低乳腺癌风险的重要方法。此外，医疗保健专业人员需要限制胸部放射治疗的暴露，以降低患乳腺癌的可能性。
