Françon Anaïs, Jonet Laurent, Behar-Cohen Francine, Torriglia Alicia
Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université. Team: Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases: Therapeutic Innovations. 15, rue de l'école de Médecine Paris 75006, France.
Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université. Team: Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases: Therapeutic Innovations. 15, rue de l'école de Médecine Paris 75006, France; Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Ophtalmopole, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques Paris 75014, France.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2025 Jan 15;290:117605. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117605. Epub 2024 Dec 31.
The exposure of the general population to artificial light at night has dramatically increased in recent decades. Current standards for domestic lighting are based on acute exposure to light and consider blue wavelengths to be responsible for phototoxicity. However, meta-analyses pointed out the role of lifelong light exposure in the onset of age-related macular degeneration, suggesting a cumulative effect of light exposure. Here, we investigate the retinal phototoxicity of a repeated exposure to light emitting diodes of different spectral compositions in 6-week-old albino rats. Rats were exposed twice a day for 15 days to retinal doses that were safe in acute exposure (0.1 and 0.2 J/cm² for blue and white lights, 0.2 J/cm² for green light and 0.05 J/cm² for red light). We show that rats repeatedly exposed to blue and white lights display irreversible retinal damage, characterized by a degradation of the global retinal structure, a significant photoreceptor loss, and an increase of stress and inflammation markers. We highlight the role of green wavelengths in the phototoxicity of white light and show the protective effect of the addition of red light to mitigate the phototoxicity of blue light. All of this points out the need to rethink the current phototoxicity standards by taking into account the cumulative effect of the exposure to light and the role of the different parts of the emission spectrum.
近几十年来，普通人群夜间接触人造光的情况急剧增加。目前的家用照明标准基于对光的急性暴露，并认为蓝光波长是造成光毒性的原因。然而，荟萃分析指出了终生光照暴露在年龄相关性黄斑变性发病中的作用，这表明光照暴露存在累积效应。在此，我们研究了6周龄白化大鼠反复暴露于不同光谱组成的发光二极管下的视网膜光毒性。大鼠每天暴露两次，持续15天，暴露的视网膜剂量在急性暴露时是安全的（蓝光和白光为0.1和0.2 J/cm²，绿光为0.2 J/cm²，红光为0.05 J/cm²）。我们发现，反复暴露于蓝光和白光下的大鼠表现出不可逆的视网膜损伤，其特征是整体视网膜结构退化、光感受器显著丧失以及应激和炎症标志物增加。我们强调了绿光波长在白光光毒性中的作用，并展示了添加红光减轻蓝光光毒性的保护作用。所有这些都指出需要重新考虑当前的光毒性标准，要考虑到光照暴露的累积效应以及发射光谱不同部分的作用。
