Sultan Haider, Mazhar Abbas Hafiz Muhammad, Faizan Mohammad, Emamverdian Abolghassem, Shah Asad, Bahadur Saraj, Li Yusheng, Khan Mohammad Nauman, Nie Lixiao
School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China.
Botany Section, School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad, 500032, India.
J Environ Manage. 2025 Jan;373:123847. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123847. Epub 2025 Jan 1.
Soil salinity is represent a significant environmental stressor that profoundly impairs crop productivity by disrupting plant physiological functions. To mitigate this issue, the combined application of biochar and nanoparticles has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance plant salt tolerance. However, the long-term residual effects of this approach on cereal crops remain unclear. In a controlled pot experiment, rice straw biochar (BC) was applied in an earlier experiment at a rate of 20 t/ha, in conjunction with ZnO and FeO nanoparticles at concentrations of 10 mg L and 20 mg L. Two rice genotypes, Jing Liang You-534 (salt-sensitive) and Xiang Liang You-900 (salt-tolerant), were utilized under 0% NaCl (S1) and 0.6% NaCl (S2) conditions. Results showed that, application of residual ZnOBC-20 significantly enhanced rice biomass, photosynthetic assimilation, relative chlorophyll content, SPAD index, enzyme activities, K/Na ratio, hydrogen peroxide (HO) levels, and overall plant growth. Specifically, ZnOBC-20 increased the tolerance index by 142.8% and 146.1%, reduced HO levels by 27.11% and 35.8%, and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels by 33% and 57.9% in V1 and V2, respectively, compared to their respective controls. Residual of ZnOBC-20 mitigated oxidative damage caused by salinity-induced over-accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, and APX) and increasing total soluble protein (TSP) content. Xiang Liang You-900 exhibited a less severe response to salinity compared to Jing Liang You-534. Additionally, residual of ZnOBC-20 significantly enhanced the anatomical architecture of both root and leaf tissues and regulated the expression levels of salt-related genes. Residual of ZnOBC-20 also improved salt tolerance in rice plants by reducing sodium (Na) accumulation and enhancing potassium (K) retention, thereby increasing the K/Na ratio under saline conditions. The overall results of this experiment demonstrate that, residual effects of ZnOBC-20 not only improved the growth and physiological traits of rice plants under salt stress but also provided insights into the mechanisms behind the innovative combination of biochar and nanoparticles residual impacts for enhancing plant salt tolerance.
土壤盐分是一种重要的环境胁迫因素，通过扰乱植物生理功能严重损害作物生产力。为缓解这一问题，生物炭与纳米颗粒的联合应用已成为增强植物耐盐性的一种有前景的策略。然而，这种方法对谷类作物的长期残留效应仍不清楚。在一项受控盆栽试验中，在早期试验中以20吨/公顷的用量施用稻草生物炭（BC），并分别以10毫克/升和20毫克/升的浓度添加氧化锌和氧化亚铁纳米颗粒。在0%氯化钠（S1）和0.6%氯化钠（S2）条件下，使用了两个水稻基因型，即景两优534（盐敏感型）和湘两优900（耐盐型）。结果表明，残留的ZnOBC - 20显著提高了水稻生物量、光合同化作用、相对叶绿素含量、SPAD指数、酶活性、钾/钠比、过氧化氢（H₂O₂）水平以及植株整体生长。具体而言，与各自的对照相比，ZnOBC - 20在V1和V2中分别使耐盐指数提高了142.8%和146.1%，降低了H₂O₂水平27.11%和35.8%，并使丙二醛（MDA）水平分别降低了33%和57.9%。ZnOBC - 20的残留通过增强抗氧化酶（超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶）的活性以及增加总可溶性蛋白（TSP）含量，减轻了盐诱导的活性氧（ROS）过度积累所导致的氧化损伤。与景两优534相比，湘两优900对盐分的响应不那么严重。此外，ZnOBC - 20的残留显著增强了根和叶组织的解剖结构，并调节了与盐相关基因的表达水平。ZnOBC - 20的残留还通过减少钠（Na）积累和增强钾（K）保留来提高水稻植株的耐盐性，从而在盐胁迫条件下提高钾/钠比。该实验的总体结果表明，ZnOBC - 20的残留效应不仅改善了盐胁迫下水稻植株的生长和生理特性，还为生物炭和纳米颗粒创新组合增强植物耐盐性的残留影响背后的机制提供了见解。
