Zhao Jia-Rui, Hu Shi-Yun, Zhang Li, Liu Min, Wang Meng-Yao, Yuan Ming-Long
State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China.
State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Grassland Science Education, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Mar;294:139415. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.139415. Epub 2024 Dec 31.
Global warming and extremely high temperatures affect insect survival and distribution. In this study, we characterized the gene expression profiles of red (PAR) and green (PAG) morphs of the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) at three high temperatures (30 °C, 36 °C, and 38 °C) and three treatment durations (6 h, 12 h, and 24 h) by high-throughput sequencing. Both PARs and PAGs increased the number of significantly differentially expressed genes as temperature and treatment duration increased, particularly for genes associated with stress resistance, lipid metabolism, cuticular protein expression, and the initiation of various regulatory mechanisms. However, the response mechanisms and their intensities varied between the morphs. More cuticular protein genes were down-regulated in PAGs, while more stress resistance genes up-regulated in PARs. JAK-STAT, MAPK, Estrogen, Insulin signaling, and Longevity-regulating pathways were enriched in PARs, whereas AMPK, Insulin signaling, and Circadian rhythm pathways were enriched in PAGs. These results suggested that PARs possesses greater adaptability than PAGs under extreme high temperatures. The different temperature adaptability between morphs may represent an ecological strategy developed by A. pisum to adapt to global warming. This research enhances our understanding of the mechanisms underlying insect survival in high-temperatures environments and provides guidance for the development of control strategies.
全球变暖和极端高温影响昆虫的生存与分布。在本研究中，我们通过高通量测序对豌豆蚜（Acyrthosiphon pisum）红色型（PAR）和绿色型（PAG）在三个高温（30℃、36℃和38℃）以及三个处理时长（6小时、12小时和24小时）下的基因表达谱进行了表征。随着温度和处理时长的增加，PAR和PAG中显著差异表达基因的数量均有所增加，特别是与抗逆性、脂质代谢、表皮蛋白表达以及各种调控机制启动相关的基因。然而，两种形态之间的响应机制及其强度有所不同。PAG中更多的表皮蛋白基因被下调，而PAR中更多的抗逆性基因被上调。JAK - STAT、MAPK、雌激素、胰岛素信号和寿命调节途径在PAR中富集，而AMPK、胰岛素信号和昼夜节律途径在PAG中富集。这些结果表明，在极端高温下PAR比PAG具有更强的适应性。两种形态之间不同的温度适应性可能代表了豌豆蚜为适应全球变暖而形成的一种生态策略。本研究增进了我们对昆虫在高温环境下生存机制的理解，并为防治策略的制定提供了指导。
