Zatorre R J
Neuropsychologia. 1985;23(1):31-41. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(85)90041-7.
Groups of surgical patients with unilateral temporal- or frontal-lobe lesions and normal control subjects were tested in melodic discrimination and recognition tasks. The discrimination task required detection of a single-note change in a pair of short unfamiliar tonal melodies. The altered note either violated or preserved the contour, the scale, or both, of the original melody. Recognition required that the melodies used in the discrimination task be recognized from among a set of similar foils. Right temporal-lobe patients performed most poorly in discrimination. Further analysis showed that excision of the primary auditory receiving area. Heschl's gyri from either side resulted in a deficit which was independent from, but additive with, the deficit caused by right temporal lobectomy. In the recognition task, both temporal-lobe groups were impaired as compared to control. The use of scale and contour cues was similar for all groups, indicating that the deficits observed are not attributable to failure to process one of these cues. Right frontal-lobe lesioned patients differed from the others in response bias, but performed as well as controls on both tasks. The results are interpreted as evidence for two processes in melodic discrimination, one due to short-term memory mechanisms, the other attributable to a deficit in processing complex auditory patterns.
对患有单侧颞叶或额叶病变的手术患者组以及正常对照组进行了旋律辨别和识别任务测试。辨别任务要求检测一对简短的不熟悉音调旋律中的单音变化。改变的音符要么违反要么保留了原旋律的轮廓、音阶或两者。识别要求从一组相似的陪衬旋律中识别出辨别任务中使用的旋律。右侧颞叶患者在辨别方面表现最差。进一步分析表明，切除双侧的初级听觉接收区（颞横回）会导致一种缺陷，该缺陷独立于但叠加于右侧颞叶切除术引起的缺陷。在识别任务中，与对照组相比，两个颞叶组均受损。所有组对音阶和轮廓线索的使用相似，这表明观察到的缺陷并非归因于未能处理其中一种线索。右侧额叶病变患者在反应偏差方面与其他患者不同，但在两项任务中的表现与对照组一样好。这些结果被解释为旋律辨别中两个过程的证据，一个是由于短期记忆机制，另一个归因于处理复杂听觉模式的缺陷。
