Valdez R Burciaga, Al-Hamdan Mohammad Z, Tabatabai Mohammad, Hood Darryl B, Im Wansoo, Wilus Derek, Nori-Sarma Amruta, Ramesh Aramandla, Donneyong Macarius M, Langston Michael A, Mouton Charles P, Juárez Paul D
Department of Economics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
National Center for Computational Hydroscience and Engineering (NCCHE), Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38655, USA.
Atmosphere (Basel). 2021 Jul 23;12(8):1-12. doi: 10.3390/atmos12080947.
There is a well-documented association between ambient fine particulate matter air pollution (PM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Exposure to PM can cause premature death and harmful and chronic health effects such as heart attack, diabetes, and stroke. The Environmental Protection Agency sets annual PM standards to reduce these negative health effects. Currently above an annual average level of 12.0 μg/m is considered unhealthy.
We examined the association of long-term exposure to PM and CVD in a cohort of 44,610 individuals who resided in 12 states recruited into the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS). The SCCS was designed to recruit Black and White participants who received care from Federally Qualified Health Centers; hence, they represent vulnerable individuals from low-income families across this vast region. This study tests whether SCCS participants who lived in locations exposed to elevated ambient levels of PM concentrations were more likely to report a history of CVD at enrollment (2002-2009). Remotely sensed satellite data integrated with ground monitoring data provide an assessment of the average annual PM in urban and rural locations where the SCCS participants resided. We used multilevel logistic regression to estimate the associations between self-reported CVD and exposure to elevated ambient levels of PM.
We found a 13.4 percent increase in the odds of reported CVD with exposure to unhealthy levels of PM exposure at enrollment. The SCCS participants with medical histories of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking had, overall, 385 percent higher odds of reported CVD than those without these clinical risk factors. Additionally, Black participants were more likely to live in locations with higher ambient PM concentrations and report high levels of clinical risk factors, thus, they may be at a greater future risk of CVD.
In the SCCS participants, we found a strong relation between exposures to high ambient levels of PM and self-reported CVD at enrollment.
环境细颗粒物空气污染（PM）与心血管疾病（CVD）的发病率和死亡率之间存在充分记录的关联。接触PM可导致过早死亡以及诸如心脏病发作、糖尿病和中风等有害的慢性健康影响。美国环境保护局制定了年度PM标准以减少这些负面健康影响。目前，年度平均水平高于12.0微克/立方米被认为是不健康的。
我们在参与南方社区队列研究（SCCS）的44610名居住在12个州的个体队列中，研究了长期接触PM与CVD之间的关联。SCCS旨在招募接受联邦合格健康中心护理的黑人和白人参与者；因此，他们代表了这个广大地区低收入家庭中的弱势群体。本研究测试了居住在PM浓度环境水平升高地区的SCCS参与者在入组时（2002 - 2009年）报告有CVD病史的可能性是否更高。与地面监测数据相结合的遥感卫星数据提供了对SCCS参与者居住的城乡地区年均PM的评估。我们使用多水平逻辑回归来估计自我报告的CVD与接触升高的环境PM水平之间的关联。
我们发现，入组时接触不健康水平的PM暴露，报告有CVD的几率增加了13.4%。总体而言，有高血压、高胆固醇血症和吸烟病史的SCCS参与者报告有CVD的几率比没有这些临床风险因素的参与者高385%。此外，黑人参与者更有可能居住在环境PM浓度较高的地区，并报告有高水平的临床风险因素，因此，他们未来患CVD的风险可能更大。
在SCCS参与者中，我们发现入组时高环境水平的PM暴露与自我报告的CVD之间存在密切关系。
