Glushakova Anna, Kachalkin Aleksey
Soil Science Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, 105064, Russia.
Vet Res Commun. 2025 Jan 3;49(2):63. doi: 10.1007/s11259-024-10627-2.
Extracellular hydrolytic activity (phospholipase, protease and hemolysin production) was evaluated in 178 strains of potentially pathogenic ascomycetous (Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis) and basidiomycetous (Rhodotorula mucilaginosa) yeasts isolated from the excreta of Mew Gulls. Two bird colonies, one nesting in a natural habitat and the other in an urban habitat at the landfill, were studied simultaneously during their 7-month breeding season. Significant differences in phospholipase and protease production were found between natural and anthropophized strains. Both virulent activities were higher in strains of potentially pathogenic yeast species isolated from the excreta of Mew Gulls nesting in the anthropogenic habitat near the landfill. No significant differences were found in hemolysin production. Thus, synanthropic migratory birds nesting in an urban area could be involved in the wide spread of yeast virulence. It seems very important to advocate that landfills in urban areas are nowadays closed and "relocated" to large distances from cities and that biowaste is treated before dumping in order to prevent and minimize its negative impact on the environment (water, soil, air) and human health.
对从银鸥排泄物中分离出的178株潜在致病性子囊菌（近平滑念珠菌、热带念珠菌）和担子菌（粘红酵母）进行了细胞外水解活性（磷脂酶、蛋白酶和溶血素产生）评估。在两个鸟群的7个月繁殖季节中同时进行了研究，其中一个鸟群在自然栖息地筑巢，另一个在垃圾填埋场的城市栖息地筑巢。发现自然菌株和适应人类环境的菌株在磷脂酶和蛋白酶产生方面存在显著差异。从垃圾填埋场附近人为栖息地筑巢的银鸥排泄物中分离出的潜在致病性酵母菌种的菌株，其两种毒力活性都更高。在溶血素产生方面未发现显著差异。因此，在城市地区筑巢的共栖候鸟可能参与了酵母毒力的广泛传播。倡导如今关闭城市地区的垃圾填埋场并将其“迁移”到远离城市的地方，以及在倾倒生物垃圾之前进行处理，以防止并尽量减少其对环境（水、土壤、空气）和人类健康的负面影响，这似乎非常重要。
