Hernández-Vásquez Akram, Vargas-Fernández Rodrigo
Centro de Excelencia en Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales en Salud, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru.
Epidemiology and Health Economics Research (EHER), Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2025 Jan 3. doi: 10.1007/s40615-024-02265-w.
The Afro-Peruvian population is one of the ethnic minorities most affected by cultural, socioeconomic, and health barriers; however, there is little evidence on health inequalities in this ethnic group. Therefore, We aimed to determine health inequalities among the Peruvian Afro-descendant population in comparison with non-Afro-descendants.
A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Demographic and Family Health Survey 2022. Twenty indicators related to the health, nutrition, and well-being of the Peruvian Afro-descendant population were included. Individuals identifying as native, as well as those who did not know or did not respond to the ethnicity question, were excluded from the analysis. To assess inequalities in these indicators, the difference in percentages between Afro-descendants and non-Afro-descendants was calculated, and the percentages of these indicators across the tertiles of wealth index and the slope index of inequality (SII) were analysed for each ethnic group.
Of a total of 16,875 adults and 23,206 women included in the study, 16.9% and 17.3% were of African descent, respectively. Afro-descendant population had a lower proportion of self-reported diabetes (- 1.5 percetange points (pp); 95% confidence interval (CI), - 2.7 to - 0.3); alcohol consumption in the last 30 days (- 4.5 pp; 95% CI, - 7.2 to - 1.8); higher education (- 20.6 pp, 95% CI, - 23.2 to - 18.0); access to improved water (- 3.4 pp; 95% CI, - 4.6 to - 2.1) and sanitation (- 12.1 pp; 95% CI, - 14.2 to - 10.0); cesarean section (- 9.5 pp; 95% CI, - 12.6 to - 6.4); institutional delivery (- 6.3 pp; 95% CI, - 8.4 to - 4.1); early initiation of prenatal care (- 3.3 pp; 95% CI, - 5.8 to - 0.9); birth registration (- 1.8 pp; 95% CI, - 3.4 to - 0.2) and higher proportion of stunting (+ 4.8 pp; 95% CI, 3.0 to 6.6) and adolescent maternity (+ 5.0 pp; 95% CI, 1.4 to 8.6) compared to their non-Afro-descendant counterparts. In addition, a similar wealth gap between Afro-descendant and non-Afro-descendant populations was observed in various indicators.
In Peru, some indicators reflect the worse living conditions faced by the Afro-descendant population compared to their non-Afro-descendant counterparts in terms of health, nutrition, and well-being.
非裔秘鲁人群是受文化、社会经济和健康障碍影响最严重的少数族裔之一；然而，关于该族裔健康不平等的证据很少。因此，我们旨在确定秘鲁非裔后裔人群与非裔后裔人群相比的健康不平等情况。
使用2022年人口与家庭健康调查的数据进行了一项横断面研究。纳入了20项与秘鲁非裔后裔人群的健康、营养和福祉相关的指标。将自认为是原住民以及那些不知道或未回答种族问题的个体排除在分析之外。为了评估这些指标中的不平等情况，计算了非裔后裔和非裔后裔之间的百分比差异，并分析了每个族裔群体在财富指数三分位数和不平等斜率指数（SII）中这些指标的百分比。
在该研究纳入的总共16875名成年人和23206名女性中，分别有16.9%和17.3%为非洲裔。非裔后裔人群自我报告的糖尿病比例较低（-1.5个百分点（pp）；95%置信区间（CI），-2.7至-0.3）；过去30天内饮酒比例较低（-4.5 pp；95% CI，-7.2至-1.8）；高等教育比例较低（-20.6 pp，95% CI，-23.2至-18.0）；获得改善水源的比例较低（-3.4 pp；95% CI，-4.6至-2.1）和卫生设施比例较低（-12.1 pp；95% CI，-14.2至-10.0）；剖宫产比例较低（-9.5 pp；95% CI，-12.6至-6.4）；机构分娩比例较低（-6.3 pp；95% CI，-8.4至-4.1）；早期开始产前护理比例较低（-3.3 pp；95% CI，-5.8至-0.9）；出生登记比例较低（-1.8 pp；95% CI，-3.4至-0.2），与非裔后裔相比，发育迟缓比例较高（+4.8 pp；95% CI，3.0至6.6）和青少年孕产妇比例较高（+5.0 pp；95% CI，1.4至8.6）。此外，在各种指标中观察到非裔后裔和非裔后裔人群之间存在类似的财富差距。
在秘鲁，一些指标反映出与非裔后裔相比，非裔后裔人群在健康、营养和福祉方面面临更差的生活条件。
