Zhernakova Daria V, Sinha Trishla, Andreu-Sánchez Sergio, Prins Jelmer R, Kurilshikov Alexander, Balder Jan-Willem, Sanna Serena, Franke Lude, Kuivenhoven Jan A, Zhernakova Alexandra, Fu Jingyuan
Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, Center for Computer Technologies, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Nat Cardiovasc Res. 2022 Sep;1(9):844-854. doi: 10.1038/s44161-022-00131-8. Epub 2022 Sep 12.
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) are a major cause of mortality worldwide, yet men and women present remarkable differences in disease prognosis, onset and manifestation. Here we characterize how sex differences in cardiometabolic risk factors vary with age by examining 45 phenotypes and 6 lifestyle factors in 146,021 participants of the Dutch population cohort Lifelines. We show that sex differences are present in 71% of the studied phenotypes. For 31% of these phenotypes, the phenotypic difference between sexes is dependent on age. CMD risk factors show various patterns of age-related sex differences, ranging from no difference for phenotypes such as body mass index (BMI) to strong age-modified sex differences for lipid levels. We also identify lifestyle factors that influence phenotypes in a sex- and age-dependent manner. These results highlight the importance of taking age into account when studying sex differences in CMDs.
心血管代谢疾病（CMDs）是全球范围内主要的死亡原因，然而男性和女性在疾病预后、发病及表现方面存在显著差异。在此，我们通过对荷兰人群队列Lifelines的146,021名参与者的45种表型和6种生活方式因素进行研究，来描述心血管代谢风险因素中的性别差异如何随年龄变化。我们发现，在71%的研究表型中存在性别差异。在这些表型中，31%的表型性别差异取决于年龄。心血管代谢疾病风险因素呈现出各种与年龄相关的性别差异模式，从体重指数（BMI）等表型无差异到血脂水平存在强烈的年龄修正性别差异不等。我们还确定了以性别和年龄依赖方式影响表型的生活方式因素。这些结果凸显了在研究心血管代谢疾病的性别差异时考虑年龄因素的重要性。
