Kashyap Monu Kumar, Roy Sikma, Jaiswal Shiwani, Verma Shweta, Srivastava Siddharth, Nigam Amit Kumar, Kumar Awadhesh, Singh Bandana, Tiwari Ved Prakash, Mahima Mahima, Ved Akash, Shukla Karuna S, Singh Namrata
Goel Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lucknow, UP, 226028, India.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr Shakuntala Misra National Rehabilitation University, Lucknow, UP, India.
Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2025;25(12):818-840. doi: 10.2174/0118715206319933241104100736.
In women globally, breast cancer ranks as the second most frequent cause of cancer-related deaths, making up about 25% of female cancer cases, which is pretty standard in affluent countries. Breast cancer is divided into subtypes based on aggressive, genetic and stage. The precise cause of the problem is still unknown. However, the following significant risk factors have been found: sex, age, heredity, not having children, breastfeeding, elevated hormone levels, and personal lifestyle. The presence or lack of three nuclear receptors ER, PR, and HER2/ERBB2 (triple negative) and the amplification of the HER2/ErbB2 gene are the clinical criteria used to classify breast cancer. Chemotherapy is still the cornerstone of treatment for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), even. If, for the first two groups of patients,receptor-specific therapy is used. The most often prescribed chemotherapy agents for the treatment of breast cancer include doxorubicin (DOX), curcumin paclitaxel (PTX), docetaxel (DCX), thioridazine (THZ), disulfiram (DSF), and camptothecin (CPT). Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were used in antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) to bind tumor-associated target antigens selectively and deliver very effective cytotoxic agents. According to recent research, synthetic derivatives effectively combat both MCF- 7 and breast cancer cell lines that are resistant to many drugs. This review provides a wealth of information on the mechanism of action of synthetic derivatives on multidrug-resistant cell lines. This review includes information about how synthetic derivatives affect cancer cells that have developed multidrug resistance during chemotherapy. These mechanisms have been linked to factors such as increased drug efflux, genetic factors, growth factors, increased DNA repair capacity, and elevated xenobiotic metabolism. Because of this, more research is necessary to learn more about the effectiveness of synthetic derivatives against breast cancer and cell lines that are resistant to several drugs. This review aims to find recent prospects of various types of cellular signaling pathways (JAK/STAT, Akt, MAPK, etc.) involved in the progression of breast cancer disorder, and we also study different synthetic and natural drugs that are applied for treating breast cancer.
在全球女性中，乳腺癌是癌症相关死亡的第二大常见原因，约占女性癌症病例的25%，这在富裕国家相当常见。乳腺癌根据侵袭性、基因和分期分为不同亚型。该问题的确切病因尚不清楚。然而，已发现以下重要风险因素：性别、年龄、遗传、未生育、母乳喂养、激素水平升高和个人生活方式。雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）和人表皮生长因子受体2/ erbB2（三阴性）这三种核受体的存在与否以及HER2/ErbB2基因的扩增是用于乳腺癌分类的临床标准。即使对于前两组患者使用受体特异性疗法，化疗仍是三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）治疗的基石。治疗乳腺癌最常用的化疗药物包括阿霉素（DOX）、姜黄素紫杉醇（PTX）、多西他赛（DCX）、硫利达嗪（THZ）、双硫仑（DSF）和喜树碱（CPT）。单克隆抗体（mAbs）用于抗体药物偶联物（ADCs），以选择性结合肿瘤相关靶抗原并递送非常有效的细胞毒性药物。根据最近的研究，合成衍生物能有效对抗MCF - 7和对多种药物耐药的乳腺癌细胞系。本综述提供了关于合成衍生物对多药耐药细胞系作用机制的大量信息。本综述包括合成衍生物如何影响化疗期间产生多药耐药性的癌细胞的信息。这些机制与药物外排增加、遗传因素,、生长因子、DNA修复能力增强和外源性物质代谢升高 等因素有关。因此，有必要进行更多研究，以进一步了解合成衍生物对乳腺癌和对多种药物耐药的细胞系的有效性。本综述旨在寻找参与乳腺癌疾病进展的各种细胞信号通路（JAK/STAT、Akt、MAPK等）的最新研究前景，我们还研究了用于治疗乳腺癌的不同合成药物和天然药物。
