Ong Hui Ming, Ibrahim Puteri Ainaa S, Chong Chee Ning, Tan Chong Tin, Schee Jie Ping, Avumegah Michael Selorm, Román Raúl Gómez, Cherian Neil George, Wong Won Fen, Chang Li-Yen
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
J Infect. 2025 Feb;90(2):106398. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106398. Epub 2025 Jan 3.
To evaluate the long-term humoral immune response to Nipah virus (NiV) in a cohort of 25 survivors after 25 years of post-infection.
A total of 25 survivors of NiV infection from the 1998 outbreak were recruited for sample collection. The serum IgG antibody response to NiV antigens, specifically nucleocapsid (N), fusion glycoprotein (F) and attachment glycoprotein (G) was evaluated using ELISA. Additionally, the samples were tested for neutralizing antibodies and memory B cell responses.
Detection rates of anti-NiV-F and anti-NiV-G were 56% and 60%, respectively, among the survivors at a 1:100 dilution, whereas only 20% were specifically reactive to rNiV-N. Notably, all samples that tested positive for NiV-F and NiV-G at this dilution also exhibited neutralizing antibodies, highlighting the specificity of these assays. Live virus neutralization assay showed that 72% of survivors had detectable neutralizing antibodies, with varying titers, indicating long-lasting immune memory. Furthermore, memory B cell responses specific to NiV-F and NiV-G were observed in six randomly selected survivors, suggesting the presence of enduring immunological memory.
These findings highlight the potential of NiV-F and NiV-G as reliable markers for NiV exposure and underscore the need for continuous surveillance and research. Such efforts are crucial for advancing vaccine development and improving preparedness for future NiV outbreaks.
评估25名尼帕病毒（NiV）感染幸存者在感染25年后对NiV的长期体液免疫反应。
招募了1998年疫情中25名NiV感染幸存者进行样本采集。使用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）评估血清中针对NiV抗原，特别是核衣壳（N）、融合糖蛋白（F）和附着糖蛋白（G）的IgG抗体反应。此外，对样本进行中和抗体和记忆B细胞反应检测。
在幸存者中，1:100稀释度下抗NiV-F和抗NiV-G的检测率分别为56%和60%，而只有20%对重组NiV-N有特异性反应。值得注意 的是，在此稀释度下对NiV-F和NiV-G检测呈阳性的所有样本也都表现出中和抗体，突出了这些检测方法的特异性。活病毒中和试验表明，72%的幸存者有可检测到的中和抗体，滴度各不相同，表明存在持久的免疫记忆。此外，在随机选择的六名幸存者中观察到了针对NiV-F和NiV-G的记忆B细胞反应，表明存在持久的免疫记忆。
这些发现突出了NiV-F和NiV-G作为NiV暴露可靠标志物的潜力，并强调了持续监测和研究的必要性。这些努力对于推进疫苗开发和提高对未来NiV疫情的防范能力至关重要。
