Singer Lamia, Karačić Sabina, Bierbaum Gabriele, Palmer Brianne, Kirschneck Christian, Bourauel Christoph
Oral Technology, University Hospital Bonn, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Bonn, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
BMC Oral Health. 2025 Jan 4;25(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s12903-024-05313-3.
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of polydopamine (PDA) functionalization on orthodontic brackets in inhibiting biofilm formation and promoting surface bioactivity to buffer the acidity of caries-causing bacteria around orthodontic brackets and prevent demineralization. The stability of the coating in artificial saliva (AS) and distilled water was evaluated, along with its effect on pH changes in simulated body fluid (SBF) and distilled water.
Maxillary incisor orthodontic brackets underwent PDA functionalization using a dopamine hydrochloride solution following a specific protocol. Biofilm formation on both control (Br-0) and coated (Br-PDA) brackets was assessed immediately after coating and after two months of aging (Aged Br-PDA) in artificial saliva. The adherent biofilm bacteria on brackets were quantified with colony count assessment and optical density. Surface morphology, Bioactivity, and coating stability were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Coated and uncoated samples were immersed in SBF and deionized water, and pH changes were monitored over 7 days using a pH meter.
PDA-functionalized brackets, both freshly coated (1.08 OD) and aged for two months (1.6 OD), showed significantly reduced biofilm formation compared to non-functionalized control brackets (2.07 OD), with p-value < 0.05. This reduction was confirmed through optical density measurements and colony-forming unit (CFU) counts (1.63E + 06, 4.53E + 07, and 7.56E + 07 respectively, p-value < 0.05). SEM analysis revealed alterations in surface morphology and composition, suggesting enhanced biointeraction in the coated brackets. Stability assessments in artificial saliva and deionized water demonstrated the durability of the coating. pH measurements indicated minimal changes in SBF and water, with PDA-functionalized brackets showing slight alterations.
Our research findings suggest that PDA-functionalized brackets possess promising antimicrobial properties and stability, offering potential applications in orthodontic treatment to mitigate biofilm formation and prevent white spot lesions around orthodontic brackets. Further investigation is required to optimize the coating formulation and explore its long-term efficacy in clinical settings.
本研究旨在评估聚多巴胺（PDA）功能化对正畸托槽抑制生物膜形成以及促进表面生物活性的效果，以缓冲正畸托槽周围致龋菌的酸度并防止脱矿。评估了涂层在人工唾液（AS）和蒸馏水中的稳定性，以及其对模拟体液（SBF）和蒸馏水中pH变化的影响。
按照特定方案，使用盐酸多巴胺溶液对上颌切牙正畸托槽进行PDA功能化处理。在人工唾液中，对未处理的对照托槽（Br-0）和涂覆托槽（Br-PDA）在涂覆后以及老化两个月后（老化后的Br-PDA）的生物膜形成情况进行评估。通过菌落计数评估和光密度对托槽上附着的生物膜细菌进行定量分析。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析表面形态、生物活性和涂层稳定性。将涂覆和未涂覆的样品浸入SBF和去离子水中，使用pH计监测7天内的pH变化。
与未功能化的对照托槽（2.07 OD）相比，新鲜涂覆的（1.08 OD）和老化两个月的（1.6 OD）PDA功能化托槽的生物膜形成显著减少，p值<0.05。通过光密度测量和菌落形成单位（CFU）计数证实了这种减少（分别为1.63E + 06、4.53E + 07和7.56E + 07，p值<0.05）。SEM分析揭示了表面形态和成分的变化，表明涂覆托槽中的生物相互作用增强。在人工唾液和去离子水中的稳定性评估证明了涂层的耐久性。pH测量表明SBF和水中变化极小，PDA功能化托槽显示出轻微变化。
我们的研究结果表明，PDA功能化托槽具有良好的抗菌性能和稳定性，在正畸治疗中具有减轻生物膜形成和预防正畸托槽周围白斑病变的潜在应用价值。需要进一步研究以优化涂层配方并探索其在临床环境中的长期疗效。
