Cruz-Lebrón Angélica, Faiez Tasnim Syakirah, Hess Megan M, Sfanos Karen S
Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Urol Oncol. 2025 Apr;43(4):209-220. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2024.12.001. Epub 2025 Jan 4.
Complex relationships between the human microbiome and cancer are increasingly recognized for cancer sites that harbor commensal microbial communities such as the gut, genitourinary tract, and skin. For organ sites that likely do not contain commensal microbiota, there is still a substantial capacity for the human-associated microbiota to influence disease etiology across the cancer spectrum. We propose such a relationship for prostate cancer, the most commonly diagnosed cancer in males in the United States. This review explores the current evidence for a role for the urinary and gut microbiota in prostate cancer risk, via both direct interactions (prostate infections) and long-distance interactions such as via the metabolism of procarcinogenic or anticarcinogenic dietary metabolites. We further explore a newly recognized role of the gut microbiota in mediating cancer treatment response or resistance either via production of androgens and/or procarcinogenic metabolites or via direct metabolism of anticancer drugs that are used to treat advanced disease. Overall, we present the current state of knowledge relating to how the human microbiome mediates prostate cancer risk, progression, and therapy response, as well as suggest future research directions for the field.
对于肠道、泌尿生殖道和皮肤等含有共生微生物群落的癌症部位，人类微生物组与癌症之间的复杂关系越来越受到认可。对于可能不含有共生微生物群的器官部位，与人类相关的微生物群仍有很大能力影响整个癌症谱系的疾病病因。我们提出前列腺癌存在这样一种关系，前列腺癌是美国男性中最常被诊断出的癌症。本综述探讨了目前关于尿液和肠道微生物群在前列腺癌风险中作用的证据，包括直接相互作用（前列腺感染）以及通过致癌或抗癌饮食代谢物的代谢等远距离相互作用。我们进一步探讨了肠道微生物群通过产生雄激素和/或致癌代谢物或通过直接代谢用于治疗晚期疾病的抗癌药物来介导癌症治疗反应或耐药性这一新发现的作用。总体而言，我们介绍了关于人类微生物组如何介导前列腺癌风险、进展和治疗反应的当前知识状态，并为该领域提出了未来的研究方向。
