Trecarten Shaun, Liss Michael A, Hamilton-Reeves Jill, DiGiovanni John
Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.
Department of Urology, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.
Front Immunol. 2025 Jan 7;15:1448116. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1448116. eCollection 2024.
The role of the microbiome in prostate cancer is an emerging subject of research interest. Certain lifestyle factors, such as obesity and diet, can also impact the microbiome, which has been implicated in many diseases, such as heart disease and diabetes. However, this link has yet to be explored in detail in the context of prostate cancer. The purpose of this review is to explore the cross-talk between obesity, dietary interventions, and microbiome alterations in the development and progression of prostate cancer.
Many possible mechanisms exist linking obesity and dietary interventions to microbiome alterations and prostate cancer. The gut microbiome produces metabolites that could play a role in prostate cancer oncogenesis, including short-chain fatty acids, cholesterol derivatives, and folic acid. The microbiome also plays a pivotal role in the prostate tumor microenvironment (TME), contributing to inflammation, local tissue hypoxia, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. A bidirectional relationship exists between obesity and the microbiome, and certain diets can enact changes to the microbiome, its associated metabolites, and prostate cancer outcomes.
Cross-talk exists between obesity, dietary interventions, and the role of the microbiome in the development and progression of prostate cancer. To further our understanding, future human studies in prostate cancer should investigate microbiome changes and incorporate an assessment of microbiome-derived metabolites and cellular/immune changes in the TME.
微生物群在前列腺癌中的作用是一个新兴的研究热点。某些生活方式因素，如肥胖和饮食，也会影响微生物群，而微生物群与许多疾病有关，如心脏病和糖尿病。然而，在前列腺癌的背景下，这种联系尚未得到详细探讨。本综述的目的是探讨肥胖、饮食干预与微生物群改变在前列腺癌发生发展过程中的相互作用。
肥胖和饮食干预与微生物群改变及前列腺癌之间存在多种可能的联系机制。肠道微生物群产生的代谢产物可能在前列腺癌的肿瘤发生过程中发挥作用，包括短链脂肪酸、胆固醇衍生物和叶酸。微生物群在前列腺肿瘤微环境（TME）中也起着关键作用，促进炎症、局部组织缺氧和上皮-间质转化。肥胖与微生物群之间存在双向关系，某些饮食可以改变微生物群、其相关代谢产物以及前列腺癌的预后。
肥胖、饮食干预与微生物群在前列腺癌发生发展过程中的作用之间存在相互作用。为了进一步加深我们的理解，未来关于前列腺癌的人体研究应调查微生物群的变化，并纳入对微生物群衍生代谢产物以及TME中细胞/免疫变化的评估。
