Dabaghkar Yasamin, Eghlima Ghasem, Behboudi Hossein, Ebrahimi Mohammadtaghi, Ghorbanpour Mansour
Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Biology, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
BMC Plant Biol. 2025 Jan 6;25(1):20. doi: 10.1186/s12870-024-06021-4.
Tribulus terrestris L. from the family of Zygophyllaceae, which is rich in saponin compounds, especially diosgenin, has various biological properties, such as anti-inflammation, anti-Alzheimer, anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, anti-leukemia, and anti-cancer activities, due to these compounds. This research aimed to study the diversity of agro-morphological and phytochemical traits and anti-proliferative activity against human prostate cancer cells (PC3) of T. terrestris collected from 24 geographical regions in Iran and to select the superior populations for future domestication and breeding projects. The highest coefficient of variations was related to the fruit dry weight (104.77%), shoot dry weight (104.62%), and leaf dry weight (99.83%). Maximum plant height (113.96 cm), leaf length (49.39 mm), leaf width (23.48 mm), fruit diameter (11.42 mm), and fruit dry weight (34.11 g/plant) were recorded in SBU population. Gallic acid, 3.4dhb, rutin, salicylic acid, quercetin, kaempferol, apigenin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumarin, ferulic acid, and rosmarinic acid were identified as the main phenolic compounds by HPLC. The highest total saponin content was observed in the RAF population (9.46 µg OCE/g DW) and the lowest in the KER population (4.75 µg OCE/g DW). The minimum (0.65 mg/g DW) and maximum (7.49 mg/g DW) diosgenin content was observed in KHA and PAN populations, respectively. The results of the MTT assay demonstrated the significant anti-proliferative activity of the T. terrestris extracts against the PC3 cancer cell line. IC50 calculated for the T. terrestris extracts in the 24-h treatment was from 15.02 to 27.11 µg/ml, implying that all samples had considerable cytotoxicity activity against the PC3 cells. The diversity observed among the T. terrestris populations in the studied traits shows its high potential for selecting and using the best populations in domestication, breeding, and cultivation projects.
刺蒺藜属蒺藜科植物，富含皂苷类化合物，尤其是薯蓣皂苷元，由于这些化合物，它具有多种生物学特性，如抗炎、抗阿尔茨海默病、抗肥胖、抗糖尿病、抗白血病和抗癌活性。本研究旨在研究从伊朗24个地理区域收集的刺蒺藜的农艺形态和植物化学性状的多样性以及对人前列腺癌细胞（PC3）的抗增殖活性，并为未来的驯化和育种项目选择优良种群。变异系数最高的是果实干重（104.77%）、地上部干重（104.62%）和叶片干重（99.83%）。SBU种群的株高最高（113.96厘米）、叶长（49.39毫米）、叶宽（23.48毫米）、果实直径（11.42毫米）和果实干重（34.11克/株）。通过高效液相色谱法鉴定出没食子酸、3,4-二羟基苯甲酸、芦丁、水杨酸、槲皮素、山奈酚、芹菜素、绿原酸、咖啡酸、对香豆酸、阿魏酸和迷迭香酸为主要酚类化合物。总皂苷含量最高的是RAF种群（9.46微克氧化胆固醇当量/克干重），最低的是KER种群（4.75微克氧化胆固醇当量/克干重）。薯蓣皂苷元含量最低（0.65毫克/克干重）和最高（7.49毫克/克干重）分别出现在KHA和PAN种群中。MTT法检测结果表明，刺蒺藜提取物对PC3癌细胞系具有显著的抗增殖活性。在24小时处理中，刺蒺藜提取物的半数抑制浓度（IC50）为15.02至27.11微克/毫升，这意味着所有样品对PC3细胞都具有相当强的细胞毒性活性。在所研究的性状中，刺蒺藜种群间观察到的多样性表明其在驯化、育种和栽培项目中选择和利用最佳种群方面具有很高的潜力。
