Danoff-Burg Sharon, Gottlieb Elie, Weaver Morgan A, Carmon Kiara C, Lara Ledesma Duvia, Rus Holly M
Scientific Research, SleepScore Labs, 2175 Salk Avenue, Suite 150, Carlsbad, CA, 92008, United States, 1 858-299-8995.
JMIR Form Res. 2025 Jan 3;9:e58461. doi: 10.2196/58461.
Insufficient sleep is a problem affecting millions. Poor sleep can trigger or worsen anxiety; conversely, anxiety can lead to or exacerbate poor sleep. Advances in innovative consumer products designed to promote relaxation and support healthy sleep are emerging, and their effectiveness can be evaluated accurately using sleep measurement technologies in the home environment.
This pilot study examined the effects of smart goggles used at bedtime to deliver gentle, slow vibration to the eyes and temples. The study hypothesized that objective sleep, perceived sleep, self-reported stress, anxiety, relaxation, and sleepiness would improve after using the smart goggles.
A within-participants, pre-post study design was implemented. Healthy adults with subclinical threshold sleep problems (N=20) tracked their sleep nightly using a polysomnography-validated noncontact biomotion device and completed daily questionnaires over two phases: a 3-week baseline period and a 3-week intervention period. During the baseline period, participants followed their usual sleep routines at home. During the intervention period, participants used Therabody SmartGoggles in "Sleep" mode at bedtime. This mode, designed for relaxation, delivers a gentle eye and temple massage through the inflation of internal compartments to create a kneading sensation combined with vibrating motors. Each night, the participants completed questionnaires assessing relaxation, stress, anxiety, and sleepiness immediately before and after using the goggles. Daily morning questionnaires assessed perceived sleep, complementing the objective sleep data measured every night.
Multilevel regression analysis of 676 nights of objective sleep parameters showed improvements during nights when the goggles were used compared to the baseline period. Key findings include sleep duration (increased by 12 minutes, P=.01); duration of deep sleep (increased by 6 minutes, P=.002); proportion of deep sleep (7% relative increase, P=.02); BodyScore, an age- and gender-normalized measure of deep sleep (4% increase, P=.002); number of nighttime awakenings (7% decrease, P=.02); total time awake after sleep onset (reduced by 6 minutes, P=.047); and SleepScore, a measure of overall sleep quality (3% increase, P=.02). Questionnaire responses showed that compared to baseline, participants felt they had better sleep quality (P<.001) and woke feeling more well-rested (P<.001). Additionally, participants reported feeling sleepier, less stressed, less anxious, and more relaxed (all P values <.05) immediately after using the goggles each night, compared to immediately before use. A standardized inventory administered before and after the 3-week intervention period indicated reduced anxiety (P=.03), confirming the nightly analysis.
The use of smart goggles at bedtime significantly improved objectively measured sleep metrics and perceived sleep quality. Further, participants reported increased feelings of relaxation along with reduced stress and anxiety. Future research expanding on this pilot study is warranted to confirm and expand on the preliminary evidence presented in this brief report.
睡眠不足是一个影响数百万人的问题。睡眠不佳会引发或加重焦虑；反之，焦虑会导致或加剧睡眠不佳。旨在促进放松和支持健康睡眠的创新消费产品不断涌现，利用家庭环境中的睡眠测量技术可以准确评估其效果。
本试点研究考察了睡前使用智能护目镜向眼睛和太阳穴传递轻柔、缓慢震动的效果。该研究假设，使用智能护目镜后，客观睡眠、主观睡眠感受、自我报告的压力、焦虑、放松程度和困倦感会得到改善。
采用参与者自身前后对照的研究设计。有亚临床阈值睡眠问题的健康成年人（N = 20）每晚使用经多导睡眠图验证的非接触式生物运动设备追踪其睡眠情况，并在两个阶段完成每日问卷调查：为期3周的基线期和为期3周的干预期。在基线期，参与者在家遵循其惯常的睡眠习惯。在干预期，参与者在睡前使用Therabody智能护目镜的“睡眠”模式。此模式专为放松设计，通过内部隔层充气产生轻柔的眼部和太阳穴按摩，营造揉捏感并结合振动电机。每晚，参与者在使用护目镜前后立即完成评估放松程度、压力、焦虑和困倦感的问卷。每日早晨问卷评估主观睡眠感受，以补充每晚测量的客观睡眠数据。
对676个夜晚的客观睡眠参数进行的多水平回归分析显示，与基线期相比，使用护目镜的夜晚睡眠有所改善。主要发现包括：睡眠时间（增加12分钟，P = .01）；深度睡眠时间（增加6分钟，P = .002）；深度睡眠比例（相对增加7%，P = .02）；BodyScore（一种根据年龄和性别标准化的深度睡眠测量指标，增加4%，P = .002）；夜间觉醒次数（减少7%，P = .02）；睡眠开始后总清醒时间（减少6分钟，P = .047）；以及SleepScore（一种整体睡眠质量测量指标，增加3%，P = .02）。问卷回复显示，与基线相比，参与者感觉他们的睡眠质量更好（P < .001），醒来时感觉休息得更好（P < .001）。此外，与使用护目镜前相比，参与者报告每晚使用护目镜后立即感觉更困倦、压力更小、焦虑更少且更放松（所有P值 < .05）。在为期3周的干预期前后进行管理的标准化量表显示焦虑减少（P = .03），证实了每晚的分析结果。
睡前使用智能护目镜显著改善了客观测量的睡眠指标和主观睡眠质量。此外，参与者报告放松感增加，压力和焦虑减少。有必要开展进一步的研究以扩展本试点研究，从而确认并扩展本简要报告中呈现的初步证据。
