Sánchez-Salcedo Raquel, Sharma Pritam, Voelcker Nicolas H
Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2025 Jan 15;17(2):2814-2843. doi: 10.1021/acsami.4c18273. Epub 2025 Jan 5.
Biosensors play a critical role in modern diagnostics, offering high sensitivity and specificity for detecting various relevant clinical analytes as well as real-time monitoring and integrability in point-of-care (POC) platforms and wearable/implantable devices. Among the numerous materials used as biosensing substrates, porous silicon (pSi) has garnered significant attention due to its tunable properties, ease of fabrication, large surface area, and versatile surface chemistry. These attributes make pSi an ideal platform for transducer development, particularly in the fabrication of optical and electrochemical biosensors. This review explores the various stages of the design of a pSi-based biosensor starting from pSi fabrication, followed by a deep study about the stabilization and functionalization techniques providing a comparative analysis of their performance. Moreover, we survey the reported designs categorized as optical and electrochemical sensors, presenting a critical evaluation of their analytical validity as well as identifying the challenges of bringing these devices to the clinical practice. By bridging existing knowledge gaps, this review aims to inspire future innovation, providing valuable insights into how pSi-based biosensors can be further optimized for noninvasive diagnostics, personalized healthcare, and early disease detection leading to a doable commercialization.
生物传感器在现代诊断中发挥着关键作用，在检测各种相关临床分析物方面具有高灵敏度和特异性，同时具备即时检测（POC）平台以及可穿戴/植入式设备中的实时监测和集成能力。在用作生物传感基底的众多材料中，多孔硅（pSi）因其可调节的特性、易于制造、大表面积和多样的表面化学性质而备受关注。这些特性使pSi成为传感器开发的理想平台，特别是在光学和电化学生物传感器的制造中。本综述探讨了基于pSi的生物传感器设计的各个阶段，从pSi的制造开始，接着深入研究稳定化和功能化技术，并对其性能进行比较分析。此外，我们调查了归类为光学和电化学传感器的已报道设计，对其分析有效性进行批判性评估，并确定将这些设备应用于临床实践所面临的挑战。通过弥合现有知识差距，本综述旨在激发未来的创新，为基于pSi的生物传感器如何进一步优化以用于无创诊断、个性化医疗和早期疾病检测并实现可行的商业化提供有价值的见解。
