Lingadharini P, Maji Debashis
Department of Sensor and Biomedical Technology, School of Electronics Engineering (SENSE), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
Department of Sensor and Biomedical Technology, School of Electronics Engineering (SENSE), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
Talanta. 2025 Apr 1;285:127397. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.127397. Epub 2024 Dec 16.
Monitoring real-time health conditions is a rinsing demand in a pandemic prone era. Wearable Point-of-Care (POC) devices with paper and fabric-based sensors are emerging as simple, low-cost, portable, and disposable analytical tools for development of green POC devices (GPOCDs). Capabilities of passive fluid transportation, compatibility with biochemical analytes, disposability and high degree of tunability using vivid device fabrication strategies enables development of highly sensitive and economically feasible POC sensors in particularly post COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Herein we focus mainly on development of biosensors for testing body fluids in the last 5 years using microfluidic technique through electrochemical and colorimetric principle which forms the two most competing sensing techniques providing quantitative and qualitative assessment modalities respectively and forms almost 80 % of the diagnostic platform worldwide. Present review highlights use of these popular substrates as well as various fabrication strategies for realization of GPOCDs ranging from costly and highly sophisticated photolithography to low cost, non conventional techniques like use of correction ink or marker based devices to even novel pop-up/origami induced patterning techniques. Insights into the advancements in colorimetric technique like distance, count or even text based semi-quantitative read-out modality as a on-hand diagnostic information has also been provided. Finally, future outlooks with other interdisciplinary modalities like use of novel materials, incorporation of digital tools like artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML) and strategies for sensitivity and reliability improvement of future GPOCDs have also been discussed.
在疫情频发的时代，实时监测健康状况是一项迫切需求。带有纸质和织物基传感器的可穿戴即时检测（POC）设备正成为开发绿色即时检测设备（GPOCD）的简单、低成本、便携式和一次性分析工具。被动流体传输能力、与生化分析物的兼容性、可一次性使用以及使用生动的设备制造策略实现的高度可调性，使得在新冠疫情爆发后尤其能够开发出高灵敏度且经济可行的POC传感器。在此，我们主要关注过去五年中利用微流控技术，通过电化学和比色原理开发用于检测体液的生物传感器，这两种原理分别是两种最具竞争力的传感技术，分别提供定量和定性评估方式，并且在全球诊断平台中占近80%。本综述重点介绍了这些常用基底的使用以及各种制造策略，以实现GPOCD，范围从昂贵且高度复杂的光刻技术到低成本、非传统技术，如使用修正墨水或基于标记的设备，甚至是新颖的弹出式/折纸诱导图案化技术。还提供了对比色技术进展的见解，如基于距离、计数甚至文本的半定量读出方式作为即时诊断信息。最后，还讨论了与其他跨学科方式的未来展望，如使用新型材料、纳入人工智能（AI）和机器学习（ML）等数字工具，以及提高未来GPOCD灵敏度和可靠性的策略。
