Taha Bakr Ahmed, Al-Rawi Marwa Amin, Addie Ali J, Abdulateef Sinan Adnan, Haider Adawiya J, Chaudhary Vishal, Arsad Norhana
Photonics Technology Lab, Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKMBangi , 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
Al-Imam University College, Salah Al-Din, Balad, Iraq.
Mikrochim Acta. 2025 Aug 1;192(8):547. doi: 10.1007/s00604-025-07415-3.
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disease characterized by hormonal imbalances, metabolic inefficiency, and infertility problems. Furthermore, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), testosterone, and insulin are PCOS biomarkers that need to be detected accurately for early diagnosis and treatment. A narrative review discusses current improvements in nanomaterial-enhanced biosensors that detect biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity. In addition, nanomaterials such as graphs and quantum dots have large surface areas and unique physicochemical properties that make them more effective biosphere. In addition, wearables and lab-on-chip platforms benefit from these features because they can detect in real time. In addition, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are investigated to increase data interpretation and risk stratification using optical and electrochemical biosensors. Consequently, these biosensor technologies provide molecular insights into the underlying causes of PCOS, such as hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation. By developing a short and portable biosensor, we can bridge the bridge between laboratory research and clinical practice and provide user-friendly diagnosis. Along with increasing clinical accuracy, the nanomaterial-based biosensor is considered a platform to learn more about PCOS pathology. Finally, their integration into clinical practice can contribute to the development of individual treatment methods in reproductive endocrinology and encourage research in the future.
多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）是一种内分泌疾病，其特征在于激素失衡、代谢效率低下和不孕问题。此外，抗苗勒管激素（AMH）、睾酮和胰岛素是PCOS生物标志物，需要准确检测以进行早期诊断和治疗。一篇叙述性综述讨论了纳米材料增强型生物传感器的当前进展，这些传感器能够高灵敏度和特异性地检测生物标志物。此外，诸如石墨烯和量子点之类的纳米材料具有大的表面积和独特的物理化学性质，这使其成为更有效的生物传感材料。此外，可穿戴设备和芯片实验室平台受益于这些特性，因为它们可以实时进行检测。此外，人们正在研究人工智能（AI）和机器学习（ML），以利用光学和电化学生物传感器增强数据解读和风险分层。因此，这些生物传感器技术为PCOS的潜在病因提供了分子层面的见解，例如高雄激素血症、胰岛素抵抗和慢性炎症。通过开发一种短小便携的生物传感器，我们可以在实验室研究和临床实践之间架起桥梁，并提供用户友好型诊断。随着临床准确性的提高，基于纳米材料的生物传感器被视为一个更多了解PCOS病理学的平台。最后，将它们整合到临床实践中有助于生殖内分泌学中个体化治疗方法的发展，并鼓励未来的研究。
