Pozharskiy Alexandr, Beishova Indira, Nametov Askar, Shamshidin Alzhan, Ulyanova Tatyana, Kovalchuk Alexandr, Ulyanov Vadim, Shamekova Malika, Bekova Gulmira, Gritsenko Dilyara
Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Timiryazev Str. 45, 050040, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, 050040, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Heliyon. 2024 Dec 12;11(1):e41173. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41173. eCollection 2025 Jan 15.
Horses are animals traditionally playing prominent role as both food source and working animals for Kazakh people. Zhabe horses are traditional type of indigenous Kazakh horses characterized by versatility and adaptation to conditions of Central Asia. The present work focuses on examination of genetic structure of Zhabe horses using SNP genotyping with addition of previously published data. Total 1038 individuals including 403 new samples of Zhabe horses and 42 sample of white horses 'Zhetysu Asyly' have been considered. DNA was extracted from hair roots using commercial DNA isolation kit and further used for analysis of SNP by Illumina iScan system with Equine80k SNP array. The analysis of population genetic parameters (expected and observed heterozygosity, linkage disequilibrium, Wright's ) and genetic structure (PCA, ADMIXTURE) in comparison with publicly available data on selected foreign cultivars demonstrated low between population differentiations and lack of selection factors. Genome wide association study performed for body size and weight have revealed low occurrence of SNPs with significant associations, total 57 SNPs linked to various genes with low density across all genome. The obtained results highlight difference between traditional horse breeding practices of Kazakh people and stable based breeding of foreign breeds. In contrast, the 'Zhetysu Asyly' horse breed derived from Kazakh horses demonstrate the effect of intense breeding process on the same landrace. The results provide new data on the traditional Kazakh horses of type Zhabe and will assist further studies of this original landrace.
马是传统上对哈萨克人来说既是食物来源又是役用动物的重要动物。扎别马是哈萨克本土传统马种，具有多功能性且能适应中亚的环境条件。本研究聚焦于通过单核苷酸多态性（SNP）基因分型并结合先前发表的数据来检测扎别马的遗传结构。共考虑了1038个个体，包括403份新的扎别马样本和42份“哲特苏阿西利”白马样本。使用商业DNA提取试剂盒从发根中提取DNA，并进一步通过Illumina iScan系统和Equine80k SNP芯片用于SNP分析。与选定外国品种的公开可用数据相比，对群体遗传参数（预期和观察到的杂合度、连锁不平衡、赖特氏系数）和遗传结构（主成分分析、混合分析）的分析表明群体间分化程度较低且缺乏选择因素。对体型和体重进行的全基因组关联研究显示，具有显著关联的SNP出现频率较低，在整个基因组中共有57个SNP与各种基因低密度连锁。所得结果突出了哈萨克人传统马匹养殖方式与外国品种基于马厩养殖方式之间的差异。相比之下，源自哈萨克马的“哲特苏阿西利”马种展示了在同一地方品种上强烈选育过程的影响。这些结果为扎别型传统哈萨克马提供了新数据，并将有助于对这个原始地方品种的进一步研究。
