Abshire Saylor Martha, Scerpella Danny, Chapin Margo, Jajodia Anushka, Kadali Amrutha J, Colburn Jessica L, Cotter Valerie, Wolff Jennifer L
Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205P, USA.
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Implement Sci Commun. 2025 Jan 6;6(1):3. doi: 10.1186/s43058-024-00683-9.
Archetypes are representations of a group of people with shared behaviors, attitudes, and characteristics. The design and use of archetypes have potential application to increase partnership and support when embedding and scaling interventions but methodological approaches have not been developed.
To describe the methodology of designing archetypes for use in a pragmatic trial of advance care planning in the primary care context, SHARING Choices ((NCT04819191). We present resulting archetypes representing three key roles (primary care champion, advance care planning facilitator, and patient) in our pragmatic trial.
Our process for developing archetypes involved 4 steps: 1) Identify roles for archetype development, 2) Identify Shareholders and Data Sources for Archetype Development, 3) Generate unique archetypes and their distinguishing traits, and 4) Iteratively refine archetypes through exposure, scrutiny, and shareholder input. We also developed a process map to communicate our methodology.
We created 6 distinct archetypes for the primary care champion role, 5 archetypes for the advance care planning facilitator role and 6 archetypes for the patient role. For each archetype we described strengths, challenges, prevailing emotions, and successful approaches to collaboration (e.g., "what works for me"). Unique opportunities for synergy between archetypes (such as with facilitator and champion) and potential challenges between archetypes (such as for facilitator and patient) suggest ways to improve training and support of key roles.
Our process for creating archetypes for use in implementation research was iterative and informative in discussion of implementation with shareholders. We expect this methodology to be useful for anticipating and analyzing many aspects of implementation.
原型是具有共同行为、态度和特征的一群人的代表。在嵌入和扩展干预措施时，原型的设计和使用在增强伙伴关系和支持方面具有潜在应用价值，但尚未形成方法学途径。
描述在初级保健环境中用于预先护理计划实用试验（SHARING Choices，(NCT04819191)）的原型设计方法。我们展示了在我们的实用试验中代表三个关键角色（初级保健倡导者、预先护理计划促进者和患者）的最终原型。
我们开发原型的过程包括4个步骤：1）确定原型开发的角色，2）确定原型开发的利益相关者和数据源，3）生成独特的原型及其显著特征，4）通过曝光、审查和利益相关者的输入迭代完善原型。我们还绘制了一个流程图来传达我们的方法。
我们为初级保健倡导者角色创建了6个不同的原型，为预先护理计划促进者角色创建了5个原型，为患者角色创建了6个原型。对于每个原型，我们描述了优势、挑战、主要情绪以及成功的合作方法（例如，“对我有效的方法”）。原型之间协同作用的独特机会（如促进者和倡导者之间）以及原型之间的潜在挑战（如促进者和患者之间）为改善关键角色的培训和支持提供了思路。
我们在实施研究中创建原型的过程是迭代的，并且在与利益相关者讨论实施时提供了信息。我们预计这种方法将有助于预测和分析实施的许多方面。
