Wiesinger Hans-Peter, Hopkins Will G, Haller Nils, Blumkaitis Julia, Strepp Tilmann, Stöggl Thomas Leonhard
Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
Institute of Nursing Science and Practice, Center for Public Health and Healthcare Research, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
Front Physiol. 2024 Dec 23;15:1486570. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1486570. eCollection 2024.
Our recent meta-analyses have demonstrated that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) causes a range of mean changes in various measures and predictors of endurance and sprint performance in athletes. Here, we extend the analyses to relationships between mean changes of these measures and consider implications for understanding and improving HIIT that were not apparent in the previous analyses.
The data were mean changes from HIIT with highly trained endurance and elite other (mainly team sport) athletes in studies where two or more measures or predictors of performance were available. Relationships between changes in pairs of measures were visualized in scatterplots with points identified by aerobic and anaerobic types of HIIT; simple linear relationships were quantified via log-transformation of factor changes with a meta-regression mixed model.
In endurance athletes, there were positive linear relationships between mean changes in time-trial speed/power (reflecting competition endurance performance) and mean changes in endurance performance predictors [peak speed/power, maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O), and aerobic/anaerobic threshold]. There were substantial differences in time-trial speed/power between studies not explained by each predictor. Exercise economy had an unclear relationship with time-trial speed/power but a decisively negative relationship with V̇O. In other athletes, repeated-sprint ability had a weak positive relationship with sprint speed/power. The scatter of points in some plots was associated with the type of HIIT.
Differences in time-trial performance between studies for a given change in peak speed/power, V̇O, or threshold speed/power imply that time trials should be included when assessing effects of HIIT on endurance performance. Relationships between V̇O, time-trial speed/power, and exercise economy suggest that combining aerobic and anaerobic types of HIIT could be more effective for endurance performance. Sprints and repeated-sprint ability are important performance measures for team-sport athletes; their poor relationship implies that both should be measured when assessing HIIT.
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=236384.
我们最近的荟萃分析表明，高强度间歇训练（HIIT）会使运动员耐力和冲刺成绩的各种测量指标及预测指标产生一系列平均变化。在此，我们将分析扩展至这些指标平均变化之间的关系，并探讨其对理解和改进HIIT的意义，而这些意义在之前的分析中并不明显。
数据为来自HIIT训练的平均变化，涉及训练有素的耐力运动员和其他精英运动员（主要是团队运动项目），这些研究提供了两项或更多的成绩测量指标或预测指标。通过散点图展示成对测量指标变化之间的关系，散点由有氧和无氧类型的HIIT进行区分；通过对因子变化进行对数转换，并采用荟萃回归混合模型对简单线性关系进行量化。
在耐力运动员中，计时赛速度/功率的平均变化（反映比赛耐力表现）与耐力表现预测指标的平均变化[峰值速度/功率、最大摄氧量（V̇O）以及有氧/无氧阈值]之间存在正线性关系。各预测指标无法解释研究之间计时赛速度/功率的显著差异。运动经济性与计时赛速度/功率的关系不明确，但与V̇O呈明显负相关。在其他运动员中，重复冲刺能力与冲刺速度/功率呈弱正相关。部分散点图中的散点分布与HIIT的类型有关。
对于给定的峰值速度/功率、V̇O或阈值速度/功率变化，不同研究之间计时赛成绩的差异意味着在评估HIIT对耐力表现的影响时应纳入计时赛。V̇O、计时赛速度/功率和运动经济性之间的关系表明，结合有氧和无氧类型的HIIT可能对耐力表现更有效。短跑和重复冲刺能力是团队运动运动员的重要表现指标；它们之间的弱相关性意味着在评估HIIT时两者都应进行测量。
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=236384
