高强度间歇训练对精英运动员影响的荟萃分析——第一部分：对各项运动表现指标的平均影响
Meta-analyses of the effects of high-intensity interval training in elite athletes-part I: mean effects on various performance measures.
作者信息
Wiesinger Hans-Peter, Stöggl Thomas Leonard, Haller Nils, Blumkaitis Julia, Strepp Tilmann, Kilzer Francesca, Schmuttermair Anna, Hopkins Will G
机构信息
Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
Institute of Nursing Science and Practice, Center for Public Health and Healthcare Research, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
出版信息
Front Physiol. 2025 Jan 3;15:1486526. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1486526. eCollection 2024.
INTRODUCTION
Meta-analysts have found that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) improves physical performance, but limited evidence exists regarding its effects on highly trained athletes, measures beyond maximum oxygen uptake ( O), and the moderating effects of different types of HIIT. In this study, we present meta-analyses of the effects of HIIT focusing on these deficits.
METHODS
The effects of 6 types of HIIT and other moderators were derived from 34 studies involving highly trained endurance and elite athletes in percent units via log-transformation from separate meta-regression mixed models for sprint, time-trial, aerobic/anaerobic threshold, peak speed/power, repeated-sprint ability, O, and exercise economy. The level of evidence for effect magnitudes was evaluated based on the effect uncertainty and the smallest important change of 1%.
RESULTS
Compared with control training, HIIT showed good to excellent evidence for the substantial enhancement of most measures for some athlete subgroups in practically important study settings defined by effect moderators (maximum of 12.6%, for endurance female athletes after 6 weeks of aerobic traditional long intervals). The assessment of the moderators indicated good evidence of greater effects as follows: with more aerobic types of HIIT for O (+2.6%); with HIIT added to conventional training for most measures (+1.1-2.3%); during the competition phase for O (+4.3%); and with tests of longer duration for sprint (+5.5%) and time trial (+4.9%). The effects of sex and type of athlete were unclear moderators. The heterogeneity of HIIT effects within a given type of setting varied from small to moderate (standard deviations of 1.1%-2.3%) and reduced the evidence of benefit in some settings.
CONCLUSION
Although athletes in some settings can be confident of the beneficial effects of HIIT on some measures related to competition performance, further research is needed. There is uncertainty regarding the mean effects on exercise economy and the modifying effects of sex, duration of intervention, phase of training, and type of HIIT for most measures.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=236384.
引言
荟萃分析者发现，高强度间歇训练（HIIT）可提高身体机能，但关于其对高水平运动员的影响、最大摄氧量（VO₂max）之外的指标以及不同类型HIIT的调节作用，相关证据有限。在本研究中，我们针对这些不足进行了HIIT效应的荟萃分析。
方法
6种HIIT及其他调节因素的效应来自34项研究，这些研究涉及高水平耐力运动员和精英运动员，通过对短跑、计时赛、有氧/无氧阈值、峰值速度/功率、重复冲刺能力、VO₂max和运动经济性的单独荟萃回归混合模型进行对数转换，以百分比单位表示。基于效应不确定性和1%的最小重要变化评估效应大小的证据水平。
结果
与对照训练相比，在由效应调节因素定义的实际重要研究环境中，对于某些运动员亚组的大多数指标，HIIT显示出充分至极好的证据，表明其有显著增强作用（有氧传统长间歇训练6周后，耐力女运动员的最大增幅为12.6%）。对调节因素的评估表明，有充分证据表明在以下情况下效应更大：对于VO₂max，采用更多有氧类型的HIIT（提高2.6%）；对于大多数指标，在传统训练基础上增加HIIT（提高1.1%-2.3%）；在比赛阶段对于VO₂max（提高4.3%）；对于短跑（提高5.5%）和计时赛（提高4.9%），采用持续时间更长的测试。性别和运动员类型的调节作用尚不清楚。在给定类型的环境中，HIIT效应的异质性从小到中等不等（标准差为1.1%-2.3%），这降低了某些环境中有益效果的证据。
结论
尽管在某些情况下运动员可以确信HIIT对一些与比赛表现相关的指标有有益影响，但仍需要进一步研究。对于运动经济性的平均效应以及性别、干预持续时间、训练阶段和大多数指标的HIIT类型的调节作用，仍存在不确定性。
系统评价注册
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=236384
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