Semenova Yuliya, Yergaliyeva Ademi, Aimurziyeva Ainur, Manatova Almira, Kuntuganova Anargul, Makalkina Larissa, Aldiyarova Nurgul, Semenov Daniil, Lim Lisa
Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.
National Center of Public Healthcare, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2024 Nov 23;13(12):1123. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13121123.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: There has been a lack of a holistic approach to evaluating antibiotic consumption in Kazakhstan over the past few years using an internationally recognized methodology. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a nationwide evaluation of antibiotic consumption in Kazakhstan during the period 2019-2023.
Defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants per day (DIDs) were calculated for systemic antibiotics (J01 code of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System (ATC)) following the methodology established by the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS-AMC). The average annual percent change (AAPC) was computed for each chemical agent, pharmacological group, and J01 in general to evaluate past trends in antibiotic consumption.
The consumption of J01 antibiotics ranged between 10.869 DIDs (2022) and 14.470 DIDs (2020). There was an increase in antibiotic consumption during 2020 and 2021, but the overall trend was declining, with an AAPC of -2.45%. Azithromycin was the most consumed systemic antibiotic, followed by ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin. The consumption of "Watch" group antibiotics prevailed in Kazakhstan during the study period, with the number of people consuming the top five "Watch" group antibiotics rising from 72,578 in 2019 to 94,617 in 2023.
The findings of this study are crucial for the reorganization of the national antimicrobial stewardship program.
背景/目的：在过去几年里，哈萨克斯坦一直缺乏一种采用国际认可方法来全面评估抗生素消费情况的方式。因此，本研究旨在对哈萨克斯坦2019年至2023年期间的抗生素消费情况进行全国性评估。
按照全球抗菌药物耐药性与使用监测系统（GLASS-AMC）制定的方法，计算全身用抗生素（解剖学治疗学化学分类系统（ATC）的J01代码）的每千居民每日限定日剂量（DIDs）。计算每种化学制剂、药理组以及总体J01的年均变化百分比（AAPC），以评估抗生素消费的过去趋势。
J01类抗生素的消费量在10.869 DIDs（2022年）至14.470 DIDs（2020年）之间。2020年和2021年抗生素消费量有所增加，但总体趋势呈下降，年均变化百分比为-2.45%。阿奇霉素是消费最多的全身用抗生素，其次是头孢曲松和环丙沙星。在研究期间，哈萨克斯坦“关注”组抗生素的消费量占主导，消费排名前五的“关注”组抗生素的人数从2019年的72,578人增至2023年的94,617人。
本研究结果对于国家抗菌药物管理计划的重组至关重要。
