• 文献检索
  • 文档翻译
  • 深度研究
  • 学术资讯
  • Suppr Zotero 插件Zotero 插件
  • 邀请有礼
  • 套餐&价格
  • 历史记录
应用&插件
Suppr Zotero 插件Zotero 插件浏览器插件Mac 客户端Windows 客户端微信小程序
定价
高级版会员购买积分包购买API积分包
服务
文献检索文档翻译深度研究API 文档MCP 服务
关于我们
关于 Suppr公司介绍联系我们用户协议隐私条款
关注我们

Suppr 超能文献

核心技术专利：CN118964589B侵权必究
粤ICP备2023148730 号-1Suppr @ 2026

文献检索

告别复杂PubMed语法，用中文像聊天一样搜索，搜遍4000万医学文献。AI智能推荐，让科研检索更轻松。

立即免费搜索

文件翻译

保留排版，准确专业，支持PDF/Word/PPT等文件格式，支持 12+语言互译。

免费翻译文档

深度研究

AI帮你快速写综述，25分钟生成高质量综述，智能提取关键信息，辅助科研写作。

立即免费体验

关于卡诺《思考》的当代观点

A Contemporary View on Carnot's Réflexions.

作者信息

Meyn Jan-Peter

机构信息

Department Physik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.

出版信息

Entropy (Basel). 2024 Nov 21;26(12):1002. doi: 10.3390/e26121002.

DOI:10.3390/e26121002
PMID:39766632
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11675156/
Abstract

Entropy and energy had not yet been introduced to physics by the time Carnot wrote his seminal Réflexions. Scholars continue to discuss what he really had in mind and what misconceptions he might have had. Actually, his work can be read as a correct introduction to the physics of heat engines when the term calorique is replaced by entropy and entropy is used as the other fundamental thermal quantity besides temperature. Carnot's concepts of falling entropy as an analogy to the waterfall, and the separation of real thermal processes into reversible and irreversible processes are adopted. Some details of Carnot's treatise are ignored, but the principal ideas are quoted and assumed without modification. With only two thermal quantities, temperature and entropy, modern heat engines can be explained in detail. Only after the principal function of heat engines is developed is energy introduced as physical quantity in order to compare thermal engines with mechanical and electrical engines and, specifically, to calculate efficiency.

摘要

在卡诺撰写其具有开创性的《反思》时，熵和能量尚未被引入物理学。学者们仍在讨论他真正的想法以及他可能存在的误解。实际上，当用熵取代“热质”一词，并将熵用作除温度之外的另一个基本热学量时，他的著作可以被视为对热机物理学的正确介绍。卡诺将熵的降低类比为瀑布，以及将实际热过程分为可逆和不可逆过程的概念被采用。卡诺论文的一些细节被忽略了，但主要思想被引用且未作修改。仅用温度和熵这两个热学量，就可以详细解释现代热机。只有在热机的主要功能阐述之后，能量才作为物理量被引入，以便将热机与机械和电气发动机进行比较，特别是为了计算效率。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/62fe/11675156/84edaa088d8e/entropy-26-01002-g016.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/62fe/11675156/4741eea3cce9/entropy-26-01002-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/62fe/11675156/001c7fc20bfc/entropy-26-01002-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/62fe/11675156/31813d68fc33/entropy-26-01002-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/62fe/11675156/2b0d7a227fb4/entropy-26-01002-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/62fe/11675156/53baa74ab147/entropy-26-01002-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/62fe/11675156/2b1000df1d47/entropy-26-01002-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/62fe/11675156/b17d04c20ae2/entropy-26-01002-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/62fe/11675156/a779c9ce7725/entropy-26-01002-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/62fe/11675156/13e34dabe97d/entropy-26-01002-g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/62fe/11675156/3e0299c9253e/entropy-26-01002-g010.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/62fe/11675156/89b69c26081b/entropy-26-01002-g011.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/62fe/11675156/97aa2a5512a4/entropy-26-01002-g012.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/62fe/11675156/251abe6903e0/entropy-26-01002-g013.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/62fe/11675156/194f99ce9d72/entropy-26-01002-g014.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/62fe/11675156/319e518ba9af/entropy-26-01002-g015.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/62fe/11675156/84edaa088d8e/entropy-26-01002-g016.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/62fe/11675156/4741eea3cce9/entropy-26-01002-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/62fe/11675156/001c7fc20bfc/entropy-26-01002-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/62fe/11675156/31813d68fc33/entropy-26-01002-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/62fe/11675156/2b0d7a227fb4/entropy-26-01002-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/62fe/11675156/53baa74ab147/entropy-26-01002-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/62fe/11675156/2b1000df1d47/entropy-26-01002-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/62fe/11675156/b17d04c20ae2/entropy-26-01002-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/62fe/11675156/a779c9ce7725/entropy-26-01002-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/62fe/11675156/13e34dabe97d/entropy-26-01002-g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/62fe/11675156/3e0299c9253e/entropy-26-01002-g010.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/62fe/11675156/89b69c26081b/entropy-26-01002-g011.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/62fe/11675156/97aa2a5512a4/entropy-26-01002-g012.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/62fe/11675156/251abe6903e0/entropy-26-01002-g013.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/62fe/11675156/194f99ce9d72/entropy-26-01002-g014.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/62fe/11675156/319e518ba9af/entropy-26-01002-g015.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/62fe/11675156/84edaa088d8e/entropy-26-01002-g016.jpg

相似文献

1
A Contemporary View on Carnot's Réflexions.关于卡诺《思考》的当代观点
Entropy (Basel). 2024 Nov 21;26(12):1002. doi: 10.3390/e26121002.
2
Action and Entropy in Heat Engines: An Action Revision of the Carnot Cycle.热机中的作用与熵：卡诺循环的作用修正
Entropy (Basel). 2021 Jul 5;23(7):860. doi: 10.3390/e23070860.
3
Carnot Theorem Revisited: A Critical Perspective.再探卡诺定理：批判性视角
Entropy (Basel). 2025 Mar 27;27(4):346. doi: 10.3390/e27040346.
4
Carnot and the Archetype of Waterfalls.卡诺与瀑布原型
Entropy (Basel). 2024 Dec 7;26(12):1066. doi: 10.3390/e26121066.
5
Nature of Heat and Thermal Energy: From Caloric to Carnot's Reflections, to Entropy, Exergy, Entransy and Beyond.热与热能的本质：从热质说到卡诺的思考，再到熵、㶲、能传递及其他
Entropy (Basel). 2018 Aug 7;20(8):584. doi: 10.3390/e20080584.
6
Maximum efficiency of ideal heat engines based on a small system: correction to the Carnot efficiency at the nanoscale.基于小系统的理想热机的最大效率：纳米尺度下对卡诺效率的修正。
Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2014 Jun;89(6):062134. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.89.062134. Epub 2014 Jun 25.
7
Work Extraction from Fluid Flow: The Analog of Carnot's Efficiency.从流体流动中提取功：卡诺效率的类比。
Phys Rev Lett. 2020 Aug 7;125(6):064503. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.064503.
8
The power of a critical heat engine.临界热机的威力。
Nat Commun. 2016 Jun 20;7:11895. doi: 10.1038/ncomms11895.
9
Cycling Tames Power Fluctuations near Optimum Efficiency.循环骑行可驯服最佳效率附近的功率波动。
Phys Rev Lett. 2018 Sep 21;121(12):120601. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.120601.
10
Carnot's cycle for small systems: irreversibility and cost of operations.小系统的卡诺循环：不可逆性与运行成本
Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics. 2000 Dec;62(6 Pt A):7759-68. doi: 10.1103/physreve.62.7759.

本文引用的文献

1
Entropy and the Experience of Heat.熵与热的体验
Entropy (Basel). 2022 May 4;24(5):646. doi: 10.3390/e24050646.
2
On the Thermal Capacity of Solids.论固体的热容量
Entropy (Basel). 2022 Mar 29;24(4):479. doi: 10.3390/e24040479.
3
Which Physical Quantity Deserves the Name "Quantity of Heat"?哪个物理量应该被称为“热量”？
Entropy (Basel). 2021 Aug 19;23(8):1078. doi: 10.3390/e23081078.