Guo Jia, Liu Jingqi, Zhu Ruihan, Liu Guochun, Zheng Man, Cao Chunmei
Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100091, China.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2024 Dec 19;14(12):1227. doi: 10.3390/bs14121227.
To compare the effects of different exercise training on executive function (EF) in obese or overweight individuals. PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE, and CINAHL. The included articles, in English, should have been published from January 2000 to February 2024. All included studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of exercise intervention in overweight or obese populations. The primary outcomes are EFs, which encompass core functions (e.g., inhibitory control, working memory (WM), and cognitive flexibility (CF)) and higher-level functions (e.g., responding, planning, and problem-solving). Therefore, the primary outcomes should include at least one of the above indicators. Additionally, given the focus of many exercise intervention studies on academic performance (AP) in obese adolescents, a secondary outcome includes AP. This meta-analysis synthesizes findings from 20 RCTs published between 2010 and 2023, encompassing a total of 1183 overweight or obese participants. Interventions were categorized into seven types: control training (CT), aerobic exercise (AE), resistance training (RT), coordinated physical activity (CPA), prolonged time of exercise (PTE), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and AE combined with RT (mix mode, MIX). The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) results demonstrated the preferable effects of various interventions on EF improvement. SUCRA values indicate that CPA performs best in improving the accuracy and reaction speed of CF, as well as the reaction speed of inhibitory control in children and adolescents. AE shows significant effects in enhancing AP in this population. Additionally, PTE excels in improving CF and inhibitory control in middle-aged and older adults. Through subgroup analysis based on age and intervention duration, we found AE exhibited a significant effect on interventions for the 0-17 age group (SMD = 0.84, 95%CI = 0.311.38, = 0.002) and interventions lasting 8-16 weeks showed significant improvement in EFs (SMD = 0.53, 95%CI = 0.001.05, = 0.048). There was also a significant difference between CPA intervention and CT (SMD = 1.12, 95%CI = 0.451.80, = 0.001) in children and adolescents. Additionally, PTE showed significant effects for middle-aged adults aged 17-59 (SMD = 0.93, 95%CI = 0.111.96, < 0.027). Conclusions: This NMA found that CPA and AE have significant benefits for CF, inhibitory control, and AP in children and adolescents. Furthermore, PTE improves EFs in adults and older adults. Combining the findings of this study with previous related research, we recommend that OW/OB begin by interrupting prolonged sedentary behavior and increasing fragmented physical activity, gradually incorporating AE, RT, and CPA (such as jump rope).
比较不同运动训练对肥胖或超重个体执行功能（EF）的影响。检索了PubMed、Web of Science、SPORTDiscus、MEDLINE和CINAHL数据库。纳入的英文文章发表时间应为2000年1月至2024年2月。所有纳入研究均为超重或肥胖人群运动干预的随机对照试验（RCT）。主要结局为执行功能，包括核心功能（如抑制控制、工作记忆（WM）和认知灵活性（CF））和高级功能（如反应、计划和问题解决）。因此，主要结局应至少包括上述指标中的一项。此外，鉴于许多运动干预研究关注肥胖青少年的学业成绩（AP），次要结局包括学业成绩。本荟萃分析综合了2010年至2023年间发表的20项RCT的结果，共纳入1183名超重或肥胖参与者。干预措施分为七种类型：对照训练（CT）、有氧运动（AE）、阻力训练（RT）、协调性体育活动（CPA）、延长运动时间（PTE）、高强度间歇训练（HIIT）以及有氧运动与阻力训练相结合（混合模式，MIX）。累积排序曲线下面积（SUCRA）结果显示了各种干预措施对改善执行功能的较好效果。SUCRA值表明，协调性体育活动在提高儿童和青少年认知灵活性的准确性和反应速度以及抑制控制的反应速度方面表现最佳。有氧运动对该人群的学业成绩有显著影响。此外，延长运动时间在改善中老年人的认知灵活性和抑制控制方面表现出色。通过基于年龄和干预持续时间的亚组分析，我们发现有氧运动对0 - 17岁年龄组的干预有显著效果（标准化均数差（SMD）= 0.84，95%置信区间（CI）= 0.311.38，P = 0.002），持续8 - 16周的干预在执行功能方面有显著改善（SMD = 0.53，95%CI = 0.001.05，P = 0.048）。在儿童和青少年中，协调性体育活动干预与对照训练之间也存在显著差异（SMD = 1.12，95%CI = 0.451.80，P = 0.001）。此外，延长运动时间对17 - 59岁的中年人有显著效果（SMD = 0.93，95%CI = 0.111.96，P < 0.027）。结论：本网络荟萃分析发现，协调性体育活动和有氧运动对儿童和青少年的认知灵活性、抑制控制和学业成绩有显著益处。此外，延长运动时间可改善成年人和老年人的执行功能。结合本研究结果与以往相关研究，我们建议超重/肥胖者首先中断长时间久坐行为，增加碎片化体育活动，逐步纳入有氧运动、阻力训练和协调性体育活动（如跳绳）。
