Pizarro-Mena Rafael, Rotarou Elena S, Chavarro-Carvajal Diego, Wachholz Patrick Alexander, López María Fernanda, Perdomo Delgado Cristina, Parra-Soto Solange, Barrientos-Calvo Isabel, Retamal-Walter Felipe, Riveros-Basoalto Gloria
Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Los Leones, Santiago 7500000, Chile.
Red Interuniversitaria de Envejecimiento Saludable de Latinoamérica y Caribe (RIES-LAC).
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024 Dec 19;21(12):1697. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21121697.
In recent decades, Latin America and the Caribbean region have experienced accelerated aging. However, despite the significant progress of gerontology in the region, the number of geriatricians and professionals trained in the field is low; a notable gap in the training related to the assessment of older adults can also be observed. Therefore, in this literature review, we update the concept of Comprehensive Gerontological Assessment (CGA) for its application in the region. We compile the characteristics, validity, and reliability of CGA tools, and their usage in government documents across countries in the region. We also analyze the adaptations made to CGA during the COVID-19 pandemic, and discuss challenges related to CGA administration, academic training, research, innovation, and management. This study is particularly relevant as it proposes lines of action for decision-makers, academics, researchers, university students, and the general community, which will allow for more tailored interventions aimed at meeting the needs of older adults, their families, and caregivers. Such actions will positively impact functionality, autonomy, and quality of life, while promoting healthy, active, and successful aging in the region.
近几十年来，拉丁美洲和加勒比地区经历了加速老龄化。然而，尽管该地区老年医学取得了重大进展，但老年医学专家以及该领域受过培训的专业人员数量仍然很少；在与老年人评估相关的培训方面也存在明显差距。因此，在这篇文献综述中，我们更新了综合老年医学评估（CGA）的概念，以便在该地区应用。我们汇编了CGA工具的特点、有效性和可靠性，以及它们在该地区各国政府文件中的使用情况。我们还分析了在新冠疫情期间对CGA所做的调整，并讨论了与CGA管理、学术培训、研究、创新和管理相关的挑战。这项研究尤为重要，因为它为决策者、学者、研究人员、大学生和普通社区提出了行动方向，这将有助于采取更具针对性的干预措施，以满足老年人、其家人和护理人员的需求。这些行动将对功能、自主性和生活质量产生积极影响，同时促进该地区健康、积极和成功的老龄化。
