Chambliss Sarah, La Frinere-Sandoval Natasha Quynh Nhu Bui, Zigler Corwin, Mueller Elizabeth J, Peng Roger D, Hall Emily M, Matsui Elizabeth C, Cubbin Catherine
Department of Population Health, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024 Dec 21;21(12):1706. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21121706.
A growing literature within the field of air pollution exposure assessment addresses the issue of environmental justice. Leveraging the increasing availability of exposure datasets with broad spatial coverage and high spatial resolution, a number of works have assessed inequalities in exposure across racial/ethnic and other socioeconomic groupings. However, environmental justice research presents the additional need to evaluate exposure inequity-inequality that is systematic, unfair, and avoidable-which may be framed in several ways. We discuss these framings and describe inequality and inequity conclusions provided from several contrasting approaches drawn from recent work. We recommend that future work addressing environmental justice interventions include complementary "Exposure-driven" and "Socially weighted" metrics, taking an intersectional view of areas and social groups that are both disproportionately impacted by pollution and are impacted by additional health risks resulting from structural racism and consider implications for environmental justice beyond distributional equity.
空气污染暴露评估领域中越来越多的文献涉及环境正义问题。利用具有广泛空间覆盖范围和高空间分辨率的暴露数据集的可用性不断提高，一些研究评估了不同种族/族裔和其他社会经济群体之间的暴露不平等。然而，环境正义研究还需要评估暴露不公平——即系统性、不公平且可避免的不平等——这可以通过多种方式来界定。我们讨论这些界定方式，并描述从近期研究中采用的几种对比方法得出的不平等和不公平结论。我们建议，未来涉及环境正义干预措施的研究应包括互补的“暴露驱动”和“社会加权”指标，从交叉视角看待那些受到污染影响尤为严重且因结构性种族主义而面临额外健康风险的地区和社会群体，并考虑除分配公平之外的环境正义影响。
