Roberts Kyle D, Ahmed Sadia, San Valentin Erin, Di Martino Luca, McCormick Thomas S, Ghannoum Mahmoud A
Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Case Digestive Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Life (Basel). 2024 Dec 17;14(12):1673. doi: 10.3390/life14121673.
The ability of probiotics, comprising live microbiota, to modulate the composition of intestinal microbiomes has been connected to modulation of the central nervous system (Gut-Brain axis), neuroendocrine system (Gut-Skin axis), and immune response (Gut-Immune axis). Less information is known regarding the ability of postbiotics (cell wall components and secreted metabolites derived from live organisms) to regulate host immunity. In the present study, we tested postbiotics comprising single strains of bacteria and yeast ( 16axg, 18fx, 16mxg) as well as combinations of multiple strains for their ability to stimulate cytokine production by human CD14 monocytes. We quantified cytokine gene and protein expression levels in monocytes following stimulation with postbiotics. Both heat-killed and stimulated naïve monocytes without significant differences between them. Heat-killed stimulated less cytokine production compared to postbiotic bacteria at the same concentration. Interestingly, the addition of heat-killed yeast to heat-killed and resulted in an enhancement of immune stimulation. Thus, heat-killed postbiotics have immune-modulating potential, particularly when bacteria and yeast are combined. This approach may hold promise for developing targeted interventions that can be fine-tuned to modulate host immune response with beneficial health impact.
包含活微生物群的益生菌调节肠道微生物组组成的能力已与中枢神经系统（肠-脑轴）、神经内分泌系统（肠-皮轴）和免疫反应（肠-免疫轴）的调节相关联。关于后生元（来自活生物体的细胞壁成分和分泌代谢物）调节宿主免疫的能力，人们了解的信息较少。在本研究中，我们测试了由单一菌株的细菌和酵母（16axg、18fx、16mxg）以及多种菌株组合而成的后生元刺激人CD14单核细胞产生细胞因子的能力。我们对后生元刺激后单核细胞中的细胞因子基因和蛋白质表达水平进行了定量。热灭活的和未刺激的幼稚单核细胞之间没有显著差异。在相同浓度下，热灭活的与后生元细菌相比，刺激产生的细胞因子较少。有趣的是，将热灭活的酵母添加到热灭活的和中会增强免疫刺激。因此，热灭活的后生元具有免疫调节潜力，尤其是当细菌和酵母组合时。这种方法可能为开发有针对性的干预措施带来希望，这些干预措施可以进行微调以调节宿主免疫反应并对健康产生有益影响。
