Mohan Binoop, Majeed Aqsa, Thingujam Doni, Burton Sethson Silton, Cowart Katie E, Pajerowska-Mukhtar Karolina M, Mukhtar M Shahid
Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 3100 East Science Hall, 902 14th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
Biosystems Research Complex, Department of Genetics & Biochemistry, Clemson University, 105 Collings St., Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Dec 12;25(24):13330. doi: 10.3390/ijms252413330.
Submerged plants can thrive entirely underwater, playing a crucial role in maintaining water quality, supporting aquatic organisms, and enhancing sediment stability. However, they face multiple challenges, including reduced light availability, fluctuating water conditions, and limited nutrient access. Despite these stresses, submerged plants demonstrate remarkable resilience through physiological and biochemical adaptations. Additionally, their interactions with microbial communities are increasingly recognized as pivotal in mitigating these environmental stresses. Understanding the diversity of these microbial communities is crucial for comprehending the complex interactions between submerged plants and their environments. This research aims to identify and screen microbes from submerged plant samples capable of producing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase and to explore microbial diversity through metagenomic analysis. Microbes were isolated and screened for ACC deaminase production, and metagenomic techniques, including co-occurrence network analysis, were used to examine microbial diversity and interactions within the communities. ACC deaminase-producing microbes can significantly enhance plant metabolism under stress conditions. The identification of the culturable bacteria revealed that most of these microbes belong to the genera , , and . A total of 177 microbial strains were cultured, with molecular identification revealing 79 reductant, 86 non-reductant, and 12 uncultured strains. Among 162 samples screened for ACC deaminase activity, 50 tested positive. To further understand microbial dynamics, samples were collected from both natural sources and artificial pond reservoirs to assess the impact of the location on flood-associated microbiomes in submerged plants. Metagenomic analysis was conducted on both the epiphytic and endophytic samples. By exploring the overall composition and dynamics of microbial communities associated with submerged plants, this research seeks to deepen our understanding of plant-microbe interactions in aquatic environments. The microbial screening helped to identify the diverse microbes associated with ACC deaminase activity in submerged plants and amplicon sequencing analysis paved the way towards identifying the impact of the location in shaping the microbiome and the diversity associated with endophytic and epiphytic microbes. Co-occurrence network analysis further highlighted the intricate interactions within these microbial communities. Notably, ACC deaminase activity was observed in plant-associated microbes across different locations, with distinct variations between epiphytic and endophytic populations as identified through co-occurrence network analysis.
沉水植物可以完全在水下茁壮生长，在维持水质、支持水生生物以及增强沉积物稳定性方面发挥着至关重要的作用。然而，它们面临着多重挑战，包括光照可用性降低、水况波动以及养分获取受限。尽管面临这些压力，沉水植物通过生理和生化适应展现出了显著的恢复力。此外，它们与微生物群落的相互作用在缓解这些环境压力方面的关键作用日益得到认可。了解这些微生物群落的多样性对于理解沉水植物与其环境之间的复杂相互作用至关重要。本研究旨在从沉水植物样本中鉴定和筛选能够产生1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸（ACC）脱氨酶的微生物，并通过宏基因组分析探索微生物多样性。分离并筛选微生物以检测其ACC脱氨酶的产生情况，并使用包括共现网络分析在内的宏基因组技术来研究群落内的微生物多样性和相互作用。产生ACC脱氨酶的微生物在胁迫条件下可显著增强植物代谢。可培养细菌的鉴定表明，这些微生物大多属于 、 和 属。总共培养了177株微生物菌株，分子鉴定显示有79株还原型、86株非还原型和12株未培养菌株。在筛选ACC脱氨酶活性的162个样本中，50个检测呈阳性。为了进一步了解微生物动态，从天然来源和人工池塘水库采集样本，以评估地点对沉水植物中与洪水相关的微生物群落的影响。对附生和内生样本都进行了宏基因组分析。通过探索与沉水植物相关的微生物群落的整体组成和动态，本研究旨在加深我们对水生环境中植物 - 微生物相互作用的理解。微生物筛选有助于鉴定与沉水植物中ACC脱氨酶活性相关的多种微生物，扩增子测序分析为确定地点对微生物群落形成的影响以及与内生和附生微生物相关的多样性铺平了道路。共现网络分析进一步突出了这些微生物群落内部的复杂相互作用。值得注意的是，在不同地点的植物相关微生物中均观察到了ACC脱氨酶活性，通过共现网络分析确定附生和内生群体之间存在明显差异。
