Li Jia-Lu, Huang Lan-Mei, Xiang Zi-Yi, Zhao Jian-Ning, Yang Dian-Lin, Wang Hui, Zhang Yan-Jun
Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 31, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300191, China.
School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150006, China.
Insects. 2024 Dec 15;15(12):993. doi: 10.3390/insects15120993.
The study explored the impact of floral strip width on the spider and carabid beetle communities in maize fields over two years. Three widths of floral strips (2 m, 4 m, and 6 m) were compared with maize-only control strips to evaluate species diversity and distribution. The results showed significant differences in both spider and carabid populations between floral and control strips, with 4 m and 6 m widths consistently harboring higher biodiversity. The results also showed distinct community clustering within floral strips in 2021, which became more cohesive by 2022. Further analysis validated significant community dissimilarities between different strip widths and controls, highlighting the ecological advantages of wider floral strips for enhancing natural enemy biodiversity. Spider activity density was notably higher in floral strips than in adjacent farmland, peaking at the edges of 4 m-wide strips and decreasing in 6 m-wide strips, with the lowest density in 2 m-wide strips. Carabid beetle activity density varied considerably with strip width and proximity to the edge, typically peaking at the edges of wider strips. Spiders were more responsive to strip width than carabid beetles. Based on these findings, we suggest using 4 m- or 6 m-wide floral strips to enhance biodiversity and natural pest control in agricultural landscapes; the floral strips narrower than 4 m (such as 2 m) could not support optimal biodiversity, as spiders and carabid beetles do not disperse far into the maize field, with spiders having dispersal distances of less than 3 m and carabid beetles less than 10 m. Vegetation characteristics significantly influenced spider and carabid communities, impacting species richness, diversity indices, and community structures across two study years. These insights highlight the necessity of thoughtfully designing floral strips to enhance biodiversity and natural pest control in agricultural landscapes.
该研究在两年时间里探究了花卉带宽度对玉米田中蜘蛛和步甲群落的影响。将三种宽度的花卉带（2米、4米和6米）与仅种植玉米的对照带进行比较，以评估物种多样性和分布情况。结果表明，花卉带和对照带之间的蜘蛛和步甲种群存在显著差异，4米和6米宽的花卉带始终拥有更高的生物多样性。结果还显示，2021年花卉带内有明显的群落聚类，到2022年这种聚类变得更加紧密。进一步分析证实了不同带宽度与对照之间存在显著的群落差异，突出了较宽花卉带在增强天敌生物多样性方面的生态优势。蜘蛛的活动密度在花卉带中明显高于相邻农田，在4米宽的带边缘达到峰值，在6米宽的带中降低，在2米宽的带中密度最低。步甲的活动密度随带宽度和与边缘的距离而有很大变化，通常在较宽带的边缘达到峰值。蜘蛛对带宽度的反应比步甲更敏感。基于这些发现，我们建议使用4米或6米宽的花卉带，以增强农业景观中的生物多样性和自然虫害控制；窄于4米（如2米）的花卉带无法支持最佳生物多样性，因为蜘蛛和步甲不会深入玉米田太远，蜘蛛的扩散距离小于3米，步甲的扩散距离小于10米。植被特征显著影响蜘蛛和步甲群落，在两个研究年份中影响物种丰富度、多样性指数和群落结构。这些见解凸显了精心设计花卉带以增强农业景观中生物多样性和自然虫害控制的必要性。
