Xin Lei, Guan Delong, Wei Nan, Zhang Xiaoyan, Deng Weian, Li Xiaodong, Song Jing
Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture Ecology and Applied Intelligent Technology, Hechi University, Hechi 546399, China.
Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Sericulture and Silk, Hechi University, Hechi 546399, China.
Insects. 2024 Dec 20;15(12):1010. doi: 10.3390/insects15121010.
The transition from traditional mulberry leaf feeding to artificial diet cultivation represents a major advancement in modern sericulture, yet the genetic mechanisms driving this adaptation remain largely unexplored. This study investigates the genomic basis of artificial diet adaptation in the silkworm strain Guican No.5 through whole-genome resequencing and transcriptome analysis. We identified 8,935,179 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across all chromosomes, accounting for 2.01% of the genome, with particularly high densities observed in chromosomes 23, 26, and 28. Our analysis also revealed 879 novel transcripts, many of which are involved in digestion, detoxification, and stress response pathways. Key novel genes, including three carboxylesterases, two cytochrome P450s, one heat shock protein, and one copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, exhibited varying degrees of sequence similarity to known proteins, suggesting modifications to existing genetic frameworks. Notably, one novel P450 gene displayed only 74.07% sequence identity with its closest homolog, indicating the emergence of a new protein sequence. Additionally, several key genes showed high similarity to wild silkworm () proteins, underscoring their evolutionary origins. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underpinning artificial diet adaptation in silkworms and offer genomic resources to enhance artificial diet formulations and breeding programs in sericulture.
从传统桑叶饲养向人工饲料养殖的转变是现代蚕桑业的一项重大进步，然而驱动这种适应性的遗传机制在很大程度上仍未得到探索。本研究通过全基因组重测序和转录组分析，调查了家蚕品种桂蚕5号对人工饲料适应性的基因组基础。我们在所有染色体上共鉴定出8935179个单核苷酸多态性（SNP），占基因组的2.01%，其中23号、26号和28号染色体上的密度特别高。我们的分析还揭示了879个新转录本，其中许多参与消化、解毒和应激反应途径。关键的新基因，包括三种羧酸酯酶、两种细胞色素P450、一种热休克蛋白和一种铜/锌超氧化物歧化酶，与已知蛋白质表现出不同程度的序列相似性，表明现有遗传框架发生了改变。值得注意的是，一个新的P450基因与其最接近的同源基因的序列同一性仅为74.07%，表明出现了一种新的蛋白质序列。此外，几个关键基因与野生桑蚕（）蛋白质具有高度相似性，突出了它们的进化起源。这些发现为家蚕人工饲料适应性的分子机制提供了有价值的见解，并为改进蚕桑业的人工饲料配方和育种计划提供了基因组资源。
