Arrigoni Alessia, Squeo Benedetta Maria, Pasini Mariacecilia
Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta"-SCITEC-CNR, Via Corti, 20132 Milan, Italy.
Materials (Basel). 2024 Dec 23;17(24):6285. doi: 10.3390/ma17246285.
Germanium (Ge) has long been recognized for its superior carrier mobility and narrower band gap compared to silicon, making it a promising candidate in microelectronics and optoelectronics. The recent demonstration of good biocompatibility, combined with the ability to selectively functionalize its surface, establishes the way for its use in biosensing and bioimaging. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the most recent advancements in the wet chemical functionalization of germanium surfaces. Wet chemical methods, including Grignard reactions, hydrogermylation, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) formation, and arylation, are discussed in terms of their stability, surface coverage, and potential for preventing reoxidation, one of the main limits for Ge practical use. Special emphasis is placed on the characterization techniques that have advanced our understanding of these functionalized surfaces, which are crucial in the immobilization of molecules/biomolecules for different technological applications. This review emphasizes the dual functionality of surface passivation techniques, demonstrating that, in addition to stabilizing and protecting the active material, surface functionalization can impart new functional properties for germanium-based biosensors and semiconductor devices.
与硅相比，锗（Ge）长期以来因其卓越的载流子迁移率和更窄的带隙而受到认可，这使其成为微电子和光电子领域有潜力的候选材料。最近对其良好生物相容性的证明，再加上能够对其表面进行选择性功能化，为其在生物传感和生物成像中的应用铺平了道路。本综述全面分析了锗表面湿化学功能化的最新进展。讨论了湿化学方法，包括格氏反应、氢锗化反应、自组装单分子层（SAMs）形成和芳基化反应，涉及它们的稳定性、表面覆盖率以及防止再氧化的潜力，再氧化是锗实际应用的主要限制之一。特别强调了有助于我们理解这些功能化表面的表征技术，这些技术对于将分子/生物分子固定用于不同技术应用至关重要。本综述强调了表面钝化技术的双重功能，表明除了稳定和保护活性材料外，表面功能化还可为基于锗的生物传感器和半导体器件赋予新的功能特性。
