Abbott Nutrition R&D, Abbott Laboratories, 18004 Granada, Spain.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Nutrients. 2022 Mar 30;14(7):1442. doi: 10.3390/nu14071442.
Extracellular vesicles are membrane-enclosed secreted vesicles involved in cell-to-cell communication processes, identified in virtually all body fluids. Among extracellular vesicles, exosomes have gained increasing attention in recent years as they have unique biological origins and deliver different cargos, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, which might mediate various health processes. In particular, milk-derived exosomes are proposed as bioactive compounds of breast milk, which have been reported to resist gastric digestion and reach systemic circulation, thus being bioavailable after oral intake. In the present manuscript, we critically discuss the available evidence on the health benefits attributed to milk exosomes, and we provide an outlook for the potential future uses of these compounds. The use of milk exosomes as bioactive ingredients represents a novel avenue to explore in the context of human nutrition, and they might exert important beneficial effects at multiple levels, including but not limited to intestinal health, bone and muscle metabolism, immunity, modulation of the microbiota, growth, and development.
细胞外囊泡是参与细胞间通讯过程的膜封闭分泌囊泡，几乎存在于所有体液中。在细胞外囊泡中，外泌体近年来受到越来越多的关注，因为它们具有独特的生物学起源，并传递不同的货物，如核酸、蛋白质和脂质，这些货物可能介导各种健康过程。特别是，乳源性外泌体被认为是母乳的生物活性化合物，据报道，它们能够抵抗胃消化并到达体循环，从而在口服摄入后具有生物利用度。在本手稿中，我们批判性地讨论了归因于牛奶外泌体的健康益处的现有证据，并为这些化合物的潜在未来用途提供了展望。使用牛奶外泌体作为生物活性成分是人类营养领域的一个新途径，它们可能在多个层面发挥重要的有益作用，包括但不限于肠道健康、骨骼和肌肉代谢、免疫、调节微生物群、生长和发育。
