Heterologous Expression of the Antiviral Lectin Griffithsin in Probiotic and In Vitro Characterization of Its Properties.

In this study, the probiotic yeast was engineered to secrete the antiviral lectin griffithsin. Twelve genetic tools with the griffithsin gene were cloned into the vector pSF-TEF1-URA3 and introduced into . In the recombinant strains, a 16.9 kDa band was detected using SDS-PAGE and further recognized by griffithsin antibody with Western blotting. strains FM, FT, HC, and HE with a high yield of griffithsin were acquired for property characterization in vitro. The four recombinant strains displayed a similar growth pattern to that of the control strains, while their morphological characteristics had changed according to scanning electron microscopy. In simulated gastrointestinal digestive fluids, the survival rates of FM, FT, and HC were significantly decreased (86.32 ± 1.49% to 95.36 ± 1.94%) compared with those of the control strains, with survival rates between 95.88 ± 0.00% and 98.74 ± 1.97%. The hydrophobicity of FM, the strain with the highest griffithsin production, was significantly increased to 21.89 ± 1.07%, and it exhibited a reduced auto-aggregation rate (57.64 ± 2.61%). Finally, Vero cells infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) were used to evaluate the strains' antiviral activity, and the rate at which FM inhibited PEDV reached 131.36 ± 1.06%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group.