Nie Wenjing, He Qinghai, Guo Hongen, Zhang Wenjun, Ma Lan, Li Junlin, Wen Dan
Yantai Key Laboratory of Evaluation and Utilization of Silkworm Functional Substances, Yantai Engineering Research Center of Plant Stem Cell Targeted Breeding, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Functional Crop Germplasm Innovation and Cultivation Utilization, Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Yantai 264001, China.
State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, Shandong Key Laboratory of Bulk Open-Field Vegetable Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Huang Huai Protected Horticulture Engineering, Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China.
Microorganisms. 2024 Nov 28;12(12):2448. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12122448.
Amid escalating challenges from global climate change and increasing environmental degradation, agricultural systems worldwide face a multitude of abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, elevated temperatures, heavy metal pollution, and flooding. These factors critically impair crop productivity and yield. Simultaneously, biotic pressures such as pathogen invasions intensify the vulnerability of agricultural outputs. At the heart of mitigating these challenges, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AM fungi) form a crucial symbiotic relationship with most terrestrial plants, significantly enhancing their stress resilience. AM fungi improve nutrient uptake, particularly that of nitrogen and phosphorus, through their extensive mycelial networks. Additionally, they enhance soil structure, increase water use efficiency, and strengthen antioxidant defense mechanisms, particularly in environments stressed by drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, heavy metal contamination, and flooding. Beyond mitigating abiotic stress, AM fungi bolster plant defenses against pathogens and pests by competing for colonization sites and enhancing plant immune responses. They also facilitate plant adaptation to extreme environmental conditions by altering root morphology, modulating gene expression, and promoting the accumulation of osmotic adjustment compounds. This review discusses the role of AM fungi in enhancing plant growth and performance under environmental stress.
在全球气候变化带来的挑战不断升级以及环境退化日益加剧的背景下，世界各地的农业系统面临着多种非生物胁迫，包括干旱、盐碱化、气温升高、重金属污染和洪涝灾害。这些因素严重损害了作物的生产力和产量。与此同时，病原体入侵等生物压力加剧了农业产出的脆弱性。在应对这些挑战的核心方面，丛枝菌根真菌（AM真菌）与大多数陆地植物形成了至关重要的共生关系，显著增强了它们的抗逆能力。AM真菌通过其广泛的菌丝网络改善养分吸收，特别是氮和磷的吸收。此外，它们还能改善土壤结构，提高水分利用效率，并加强抗氧化防御机制，尤其是在干旱、盐碱化、极端温度、重金属污染和洪涝灾害等胁迫环境中。除了减轻非生物胁迫外，AM真菌还通过竞争定殖位点和增强植物免疫反应来加强植物对病原体和害虫的防御。它们还通过改变根系形态、调节基因表达和促进渗透调节化合物的积累，帮助植物适应极端环境条件。本综述讨论了AM真菌在环境胁迫下增强植物生长和性能方面的作用。
