Tiwana Gagan, Cock Ian Edwin, Cheesman Matthew James
School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia.
School of Environment and Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Australia.
Microorganisms. 2024 Dec 22;12(12):2664. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12122664.
(Gaertn) Roxb. and Retz. are significant botanicals in ancient Ayurvedic medicine. They are renowned for their therapeutic properties, notably in addressing gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. These plants have undergone thorough examination related to their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, which make them highly efficient natural treatments for controlling gastrointestinal infections. The current research demonstrated the antibacterial efficacy of fruit extracts of and against , , , and . We performed disc diffusion and liquid microdilution experiments to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy. All extracts of and showed good antibacterial effects against and . The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 94 µg/mL to 556 µg/mL. The methanolic extracts from both plants also showed noteworthy antibacterial activity against and , with MIC values of 755 µg/mL for both. Fractional inhibitory concentration studies revealed additive interactions between some conventional antibiotics and the plant extracts when used concurrently. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses revealed that the and extracts contained various tannins including methyl gallate, propyl gallate, gallic acid, and ellagic acid. Lethality assays conducted using Kellogg nauplii indicated that all the plant extracts are non-toxic. The antibacterial properties and absence of toxicity in and fruit extracts indicate their potential for antibiotic development, warranting additional mechanistic and phytochemical studies.
（Gaertn）Roxb. 和Retz. 是古代阿育吠陀医学中的重要植物药。它们以其治疗特性而闻名，特别是在治疗胃肠道（GI）疾病方面。这些植物已针对其抗菌、抗炎和抗氧化特性进行了全面研究，这使其成为控制胃肠道感染的高效天然疗法。当前研究表明，[植物名称1]和[植物名称2]果实提取物对[细菌名称1]、[细菌名称2]、[细菌名称3]和[细菌名称4]具有抗菌功效。我们进行了纸片扩散法和液体微量稀释实验来评估抗菌功效。[植物名称1]和[植物名称2]的所有提取物对[细菌名称1]和[细菌名称2]均显示出良好的抗菌效果。最低抑菌浓度（MIC）值范围为94μg/mL至556μg/mL。两种植物的甲醇提取物对[细菌名称3]和[细菌名称4]也显示出显著的抗菌活性，两者的MIC值均为755μg/mL。部分抑菌浓度研究表明，一些传统抗生素与植物提取物同时使用时存在相加相互作用。液相色谱 - 质谱（LC - MS）分析表明，[植物名称1]和[植物名称2]提取物含有多种单宁，包括没食子酸甲酯、没食子酸丙酯、没食子酸和鞣花酸。使用[细菌名称5]凯洛格无节幼体进行的致死率测定表明，所有植物提取物均无毒。[植物名称1]和[植物名称2]果实提取物的抗菌特性和无毒性表明它们在抗生素开发方面具有潜力，值得进行更多的作用机制和植物化学研究。
