Ang Sze-Tieng, Kim Tak Hyun, Cheesman Matthew James, Cock Ian Edwin
School of Environmental and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane 4111, Australia.
School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast 4222, Australia.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2025 Jun 8;14(6):593. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics14060593.
: Bacterial contamination leads to foodborne illnesses, and new antibiotics are required to combat these pathogens. Interest has increased in medicinal plants as targets for new antibiotics. : This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of leaf extracts from (Gaertn.) Roxb. ex Fleming against four bacterial pathogens (including a methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strain) using disc diffusion and liquid microdilution assays. The phytochemical composition of the extracts were determined using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). : Both the aqueous and methanol extracts demonstrated noteworthy antibacterial activity against (MICs of 468.8 µg/mL and 562.5 µg/mL, respectively). Additionally, the extracts were effective against MRSA (MICs = 625 µg/mL). Strong antibacterial effects were also observed against , with MICs of 625 µg/mL (aqueous extract) and 833.3 µg/mL (methanol extract). Twelve combinations of extracts and conventional antibiotics were synergistic against and . UPLC-MS analysis revealed two flavonoids, orientin 2″-O-gallate and astragalin, exclusive to the aqueous extract, whilst pinocembrin and gallic acid were only detected in the methanol extract. Both extracts contained vitexin 2″-O-p-coumarate, ellagic acid, orientin, rutin, chebulic acid, terminalin, and quercetin-3β-D-glucoside. Both extracts were determined to be nontoxic. : The abundance and diversity of polyphenols in the extracts may contribute to their strong antibacterial properties. Further research is required to investigate the antibacterial effects of the individual extract compounds, including their effects when combined with conventional antibiotics, and the potential mechanisms of action against foodborne pathogens.
细菌污染会导致食源性疾病，因此需要新的抗生素来对抗这些病原体。药用植物作为新型抗生素的靶点，受到的关注日益增加。本研究使用纸片扩散法和液体微量稀释法，评估了（Gaertn.）Roxb. ex Fleming叶片提取物对四种细菌病原体（包括一株耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA））的抗菌活性。采用超高效液相色谱-质谱联用仪（UPLC-MS）测定提取物的植物化学成分。水提取物和甲醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌均表现出显著的抗菌活性（最低抑菌浓度分别为468.8 µg/mL和562.5 µg/mL）。此外，提取物对MRSA也有效（最低抑菌浓度 = 625 µg/mL）。对大肠杆菌也观察到了较强的抗菌作用，水提取物和甲醇提取物的最低抑菌浓度分别为625 µg/mL和833.3 µg/mL。提取物与传统抗生素的十二种组合对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌具有协同作用。UPLC-MS分析显示，水提取物中含有两种黄酮类化合物，即2″-O-没食子酸荭草素和黄芪苷，而甲醇提取物中仅检测到松属素和没食子酸。两种提取物均含有2″-O-对香豆酸牡荆素、鞣花酸、荭草素、芦丁、诃子酸、Terminalin和槲皮素-3β-D-葡萄糖苷。两种提取物均被确定为无毒。提取物中多酚的丰富度和多样性可能有助于其强大的抗菌性能。需要进一步研究来探究各提取物化合物的抗菌作用，包括它们与传统抗生素联合使用时的效果，以及对食源性病原体的潜在作用机制。
