Jiang Yuhang, Si Jingwen, Wang Yuhang, Zhang Han, Zhou Fang, Lu Xike, Li Xin, Sun Daqiang, Wang Zheng
Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical School, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
Department of Pathology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin 300100, China.
Toxics. 2024 Nov 26;12(12):851. doi: 10.3390/toxics12120851.
Air pollutants have both acute and chronic impacts on human health, affecting multiple systems and organs. While PM2.5 exposure is commonly assumed to be strongly associated with all respiratory diseases, this relationship has not been systematically analyzed. This study employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach to investigate the effects of PM2.5 on eight common lung diseases, using data from GWAS. Additionally, multivariable Mendelian randomization was applied to assess the direct effects of various air pollutants and the mediating roles of common factors such as BMI and smoking. At a significance threshold of 5×10, PM2.5 showed a significant causal relationship with both asthma and COPD. When the screening threshold was relaxed to 5× 10, this exposure continued to demonstrate significant associations not only with asthma and COPD, but also with other respiratory diseases, including pneumonia, emphysema/chronic bronchitis, and lung cancer. In the multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis, which controlled for smoking and bacterial infections, the association with pneumonia became non-significant, while the relationships with the other four diseases persisted. This study provides a systematic exploration of the relationship between PM2.5 and eight pulmonary diseases from a new perspective, deepening our understanding of the impact of air pollution on health and laying the foundation for future efforts to mitigate these effects.
空气污染物对人类健康具有急性和慢性影响，会影响多个系统和器官。虽然通常认为接触细颗粒物（PM2.5）与所有呼吸道疾病密切相关，但这种关系尚未得到系统分析。本研究采用两样本孟德尔随机化方法，利用全基因组关联研究（GWAS）的数据，调查PM2.5对八种常见肺部疾病的影响。此外，应用多变量孟德尔随机化来评估各种空气污染物的直接影响以及体重指数（BMI）和吸烟等常见因素的中介作用。在显著性阈值为5×10时，PM2.5与哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）均显示出显著的因果关系。当筛查阈值放宽至5×10时，这种接触不仅继续与哮喘和COPD，而且与其他呼吸道疾病，包括肺炎、肺气肿/慢性支气管炎和肺癌，都表现出显著关联。在控制了吸烟和细菌感染的多变量孟德尔随机化分析中，与肺炎的关联变得不显著，而与其他四种疾病的关系仍然存在。本研究从一个新的角度对PM2.5与八种肺部疾病之间的关系进行了系统探索，加深了我们对空气污染对健康影响的理解，并为未来减轻这些影响的努力奠定了基础。
