Vale Ana Catarina, Leite Liliana, Pais Vânia, Bessa João, Cunha Fernando, Fangueiro Raul
Fibrenamics, Institute of Innovation on Fiber-Based Materials and Composites, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal.
Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Department of Textile Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal.
Polymers (Basel). 2024 Dec 23;16(24):3602. doi: 10.3390/polym16243602.
Bioresources have been gaining popularity due to their abundance, renewability, and recyclability. Nevertheless, given their diverse composition and complex hierarchical structures, these bio-based sources must be carefully processed to effectively extract valuable raw polymeric materials suitable for producing man-made organic fibres. This review will first highlight the most relevant bio-based sources, with a particular focus on promising unconventional biomass sources (terrestrial vegetables, aquatic vegetables, fungi, and insects), as well as agroforestry and industrial biowaste (food, paper/wood, and textile). For each source, typical applications and the biopolymers usually extracted will also be outlined. Furthermore, acknowledging the challenging lignocellulosic structure and composition of these sources, an overview of conventional and emerging pre-treatments and extraction methods, namely physical, chemical, physicochemical, and biological methodologies, will also be presented. Additionally, this review aims to explore the applications of the compounds obtained in the production of man-made organic fibres (MMOFs). A brief description of their evolution and their distinct properties will be described, as well as the most prominent commercial MMOFs currently available. Ultimately, this review concludes with future perspectives concerning the pursuit of greener and sustainable polymeric sources, as well as effective extraction processes. The potential and main challenges of implementing these sources in the production of alternative man-made organic fibres for diverse applications will also be highlighted.
生物资源因其丰富性、可再生性和可回收性而越来越受到欢迎。然而，鉴于其成分多样且具有复杂的层次结构，这些生物基资源必须经过精心加工，才能有效地提取出适合生产人造有机纤维的有价值的原始聚合物材料。本综述将首先重点介绍最相关的生物基资源，特别关注有前景的非常规生物质资源（陆生蔬菜、水生蔬菜、真菌和昆虫），以及农林业和工业生物废弃物（食品、纸张/木材和纺织品）。对于每种资源，还将概述其典型应用以及通常提取的生物聚合物。此外，鉴于这些资源具有具有挑战性的木质纤维素结构和组成，还将介绍传统和新兴的预处理及提取方法，即物理、化学、物理化学和生物方法。此外，本综述旨在探讨所获得的化合物在人造有机纤维（MMOFs）生产中的应用。将简要描述其发展历程和独特性能，以及目前最突出的商用MMOFs。最终，本综述以关于追求更绿色和可持续聚合物资源以及有效提取工艺的未来展望作为结尾。还将强调在生产用于各种应用的替代人造有机纤维时采用这些资源的潜力和主要挑战。
