Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China.
Department of Hematology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2024 Nov 9;19:11611-11631. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S479697. eCollection 2024.
Hematological malignancies originate from the hematopoietic system, including lymphoma, multiple myeloma, leukaemia, etc. They are highly malignant with a high incidence, a poor prognosis and a high mortality. Although the novel therapeutic strategies have partly improved the clinical efficacy of hematological malignancies, patients still face up with drug resistance, refractory disease and disease relapse. Many studies have shown that exosomes play an important role in hematological malignancies. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles secreted by cells with a size ranging from 40 to 160 nm. They contain various intracellular components such as membrane proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. These nanoscale vesicles transmit information between cells with the cargos. Thus, they participate in a variety of pathological processes such as angiogenesis, proliferation, metastasis, immunomodulation and drug resistance, which results in important role in the pathogenesis and progression of hematological malignancies. Furthermore, exosomes and the components carried in them can be used as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis, therapeutic sensitivity and prognosis in hematological malignancies. In the therapy of hematologic malignancies, certain exosome are potential to be used as therapeutic targets, meanwhile, exosomes are suitable drug carriers with lipid bilayer membrane and the nanostructure. Moreover, the tumor-derived exosomes of patients with hematologic malignancies can be developed into anti-tumor vaccines. The research and application of exosomes in hematological malignancies are summarized and discussed in this review.
血液系统恶性肿瘤起源于造血系统，包括淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、白血病等。它们恶性程度高，发病率高，预后差，死亡率高。尽管新的治疗策略在一定程度上提高了血液系统恶性肿瘤的临床疗效，但患者仍面临耐药、难治性疾病和疾病复发的问题。许多研究表明，外泌体在血液系统恶性肿瘤中发挥着重要作用。外泌体是细胞分泌的纳米级囊泡，大小在 40 至 160nm 之间。它们包含各种细胞内成分，如膜蛋白、脂质和核酸。这些纳米级囊泡通过携带的货物在细胞间传递信息。因此，它们参与了多种病理过程，如血管生成、增殖、转移、免疫调节和耐药性，从而在外泌体在血液系统恶性肿瘤的发病机制和进展中发挥重要作用。此外，外泌体及其携带的成分可作为血液系统恶性肿瘤诊断、治疗敏感性和预后的潜在生物标志物。在血液系统恶性肿瘤的治疗中，某些外泌体可能成为有治疗潜力的靶点，同时，外泌体具有脂质双层膜和纳米结构，是合适的药物载体。此外，血液系统恶性肿瘤患者的肿瘤衍生外泌体可以开发成抗肿瘤疫苗。本综述总结和讨论了外泌体在血液系统恶性肿瘤中的研究和应用。
