Balázs Bence, Sebesi Balázs, Cselkó Alexandra, Váczi Márk
Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
Doctoral School of Biology and Sport Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
PLoS One. 2025 Jan 7;20(1):e0311273. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0311273. eCollection 2025.
The aim of this study was to investigate the associations among in-water vertical jump and various dry-land physical measures by taking the law of Archimedes into consideration, and by normalizing the dry-land measures both to body density and body mass. Seventeen elite water polo players from Hungarian first league were tested for dry-land counter movement and squat jump mechanical impulse, isometric squat force, and in-water vertical jump height. Body density was estimated by anthropometric measurements. Body density alone did not influence in-water vertical jump height. Both the impulse of counter movement jump normalized to body mass (9.42±0.86 N·s/kg) and impulse of counter movement jump normalized to body density (773.92±109.68 N·s/kg/g/cm3) correlated with the in water vertical jump height (69.37±6.12 cm) (p≤0.05), but the magnitudes of the correlation coefficients 0.49 vs. 0.50 were not statistically different (p = 0.480, z = 0.04). Neither the impulse of squat jump normalized to body mass (7.07±0.59 N·s/kg) nor impulse of squat jump normalized to body density (577.87±89.16 N·s/kg/g/cm3) correlated with the in water vertical jump height (both p>0.05). The correlation between the force of the maximum voluntary isometric contraction normalized to body density (1052.13±244.65 N/kg/g/cm3) and the in water vertical jump height only approached the level of significance (p = 0.077). We concluded that dry-land reactive strength determines the ability to jump out of water, but players' body density does not seem to contribute to jump height.
本研究的目的是通过考虑阿基米德定律，并将旱地测量指标按身体密度和体重进行标准化，来探究水中垂直跳跃与各种旱地身体测量指标之间的关联。对来自匈牙利甲级联赛的17名精英水球运动员进行了旱地反向移动和深蹲跳跃机械冲量、等长深蹲力量以及水中垂直跳跃高度的测试。通过人体测量估计身体密度。单独的身体密度并不影响水中垂直跳跃高度。按体重标准化的反向移动跳跃冲量（9.42±0.86 N·s/kg）和按身体密度标准化的反向移动跳跃冲量（773.92±109.68 N·s/kg/g/cm³）均与水中垂直跳跃高度（69.37±6.12 cm）相关（p≤0.05），但相关系数的大小0.49对0.50在统计学上无显著差异（p = 0.480，z = 0.04）。按体重标准化的深蹲跳跃冲量（7.07±0.59 N·s/kg）和按身体密度标准化的深蹲跳跃冲量（577.87±89.16 N·s/kg/g/cm³）均与水中垂直跳跃高度无关（p均>0.05）。按身体密度标准化的最大随意等长收缩力（1052.13±244.65 N/kg/g/cm³）与水中垂直跳跃高度之间的相关性仅接近显著水平（p = 0.077）。我们得出结论，旱地反应力量决定了跳出水面的能力，但运动员的身体密度似乎对跳跃高度没有贡献。
