Džogan Milan, Lacko Roman, Hajduová Zuzana
School of Economy, Shanghai University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
Department of Tourism, Faculty of Commerce, University of Economics in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.
PLoS One. 2025 Jan 8;20(1):e0313161. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0313161. eCollection 2025.
The study focuses on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy and foreign direct investments in the European Union countries. Using data envelopment analysis constant and variable returns to scale models, and the Malmquist productivity index, we measured the efficiency of economic resource utilization concerning foreign direct investments and gross domestic product. These efficiencies were assessed in 2019, before the full outbreak of COVID-19, and in 2020, when uncertainty and the consequences of the pandemic were most pronounced. Despite the challenges posed by the pandemic, the European Union displayed economic resilience in the first year, with no significant reduction in foreign direct investment efficiency. Lower-income European Union countries saw an increase in foreign direct investment efficiency, attributing this to positive changes in managerial efficiency. This suggests that decisions made by authorities positively impacted foreign direct investment flows in economically less developed European Union regions despite restrictive measures and market uncertainties.
该研究聚焦于新冠疫情对欧盟国家经济及外国直接投资的影响。我们运用数据包络分析的规模报酬不变和可变模型以及马尔姆奎斯特生产率指数，衡量了外国直接投资和国内生产总值方面经济资源利用的效率。这些效率在2019年新冠疫情全面爆发之前以及2020年疫情不确定性和后果最为显著之时进行了评估。尽管疫情带来了挑战，但欧盟在第一年展现出了经济韧性，外国直接投资效率并未显著下降。低收入欧盟国家的外国直接投资效率有所提高，这归因于管理效率的积极变化。这表明，尽管有限制措施和市场不确定性，但当局做出的决策对经济欠发达的欧盟地区的外国直接投资流动产生了积极影响。
