Dote-Montero Manuel, Clavero-Jimeno Antonio, Merchán-Ramírez Elisa, Oses Maddi, Echarte Jon, Camacho-Cardenosa Alba, Concepción Mara, Amaro-Gahete Francisco J, Alcántara Juan M A, López-Vázquez Alejandro, Cupeiro Rocío, Migueles Jairo H, De-la-O Alejandro, García Pérez Patricia V, Contreras-Bolivar Victoria, Muñoz-Garach Araceli, Zugasti Ana, Petrina Estrella, Alvarez de Eulate Natalia, Goñi Elena, Armendariz-Brugos Cristina, González Cejudo Maria T, Martín-Rodríguez Jose L, Idoate Fernando, Cabeza Rafael, Carneiro-Barrera Almudena, de Cabo Rafael, Muñoz-Torres Manuel, Labayen Idoia, Ruiz Jonatan R
Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Granada, Spain.
Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
Nat Med. 2025 Feb;31(2):524-533. doi: 10.1038/s41591-024-03375-y. Epub 2025 Jan 7.
The optimal eating window for time-restricted eating (TRE) remains unclear, particularly its impact on visceral adipose tissue (VAT), which is associated with cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality. We investigated the effects of three TRE schedules (8 h windows in the early day, late day and participant-chosen times) combined with usual care (UC, based on education about the Mediterranean diet) versus UC alone over 12 weeks in adults with overweight or obesity. The primary outcome was VAT changes measured by magnetic resonance imaging. A total of 197 participants were randomized to UC (n = 49), early TRE (n = 49), late TRE (n = 52) or self-selected TRE (n = 47). No significant differences were found in VAT changes between early TRE (mean difference (MD): -4%; 95% confidence interval (CI), -12 to 4; P = 0.87), late TRE (MD: -6%; 95% CI, -13 to 2; P = 0.31) and self-selected TRE (MD: -3%; 95% CI, -11 to 5; P ≥ 0.99) compared with UC, nor among the TRE groups (all P ≥ 0.99). No serious adverse events occurred; five participants reported mild adverse events. Adherence was high (85-88%) across TRE groups. These findings suggest that adding TRE, irrespective of eating window timing, offers no additional benefit over a Mediterranean diet alone in reducing VAT. TRE appears to be a safe, well-tolerated and feasible dietary approach for adults with overweight or obesity. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT05310721 .
限时进食（TRE）的最佳进食窗口仍不明确，尤其是其对内脏脂肪组织（VAT）的影响，而内脏脂肪组织与心血管代谢疾病的发病率和死亡率相关。我们研究了三种TRE方案（早期8小时进食窗口、晚期8小时进食窗口和参与者自行选择的时间）与常规护理（UC，基于地中海饮食教育）相结合，对比单独使用UC，对超重或肥胖成年人进行为期12周的影响。主要结局是通过磁共振成像测量的VAT变化。共有197名参与者被随机分配到UC组（n = 49）、早期TRE组（n = 49）、晚期TRE组（n = 52）或自我选择TRE组（n = 47）。早期TRE组（平均差异（MD）：-4%；95%置信区间（CI），-12至4；P = 0.87）、晚期TRE组（MD：-6%；95%CI，-13至2；P = 0.31）和自我选择TRE组（MD：-3%；95%CI，-11至5；P≥0.99）与UC组相比，在VAT变化方面未发现显著差异，TRE组之间也无显著差异（所有P≥0.99）。未发生严重不良事件；五名参与者报告了轻度不良事件。各TRE组的依从性都很高（85 - 88%）。这些发现表明，无论进食窗口时间如何，添加TRE在减少VAT方面并不比单独的地中海饮食有额外益处。对于超重或肥胖的成年人来说，TRE似乎是一种安全、耐受性良好且可行的饮食方法。ClinicalTrials.gov注册号：NCT05310721 。
