Daba Chala, Debela Sisay Abebe, Gasheya Kassahun Ayele, Endawkie Abel, Gebrehiwot Mesfin
Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Salale University, Fitche, Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2025 Jan 8;20(1):e0309943. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309943. eCollection 2025.
Alcohol consumption continues to be a public health problem in Ethiopia. Previous investigations have been conducted on alcohol consumption in Ethiopia; however, these investigations were limited to specific localities, which could not represent the existing alcohol consumption in different parts of Ethiopia. Besides, the spatial variation of alcohol consumption was not well investigated in the previous studies, which could hinder the implementation of effective intervention towards alcohol consumption. Hence, this study aimed to determine the spatial distribution and determinant factors of alcohol consumption in Ethiopia.
Secondary data from the 2016 Ethiopian demographic health survey was used in this study. A total of 44,023 weight samples were included using a stratified two-stage cluster sampling technique. The spatial variation of alcohol consumption was analyzed using ArcGIS version 10.7.1. The statistical significance of alcohol consumption clusters were identified using Kuldorff's SaTScan version 10.2. A multi-level analysis was also conducted to identify factors associated with alcohol consumption using STATA version 14.
In this study, 33.15% (95%CI: 32.5-33.8) of the study participants consumed alcohol with statistically significant spatial variation across regions of the country. Traditional religion (AOR = 13.7; 95%CI: 2.68-70.3), Regional variations (Amhara region-AOR = 3.56; 95%CI: 1.85-6.8, living in a low proportion of community literacy (AOR = 1.84; 95%CI: 1.1-3.18), cigarette smoking habit (AOR = 15.82; 95%CI: 4.31-58.1), and chewing Khat (AOR = 2.98; 95%CI: 1.22-7.27) were positively linked with alcohol consumption. Hot spot areas of alcohol consumption were found in Tigray, Amhara, and some parts of Oromia regions. The statistical significance of the primary clusters was also observed in Tigray and Amhara regions.
We found that one-third of Ethiopia's population is consuming alcohol. Having a cigarette smoking habit, chewing khat, high proportion of community literacy, and traditional religion were associated factors for alcohol consumption. Therefore, the federal government of Ethiopia, and ministry of health, and other concerned bodies should work in collaboration to decrease the proportion of people consuming alcohol.
在埃塞俄比亚，饮酒仍然是一个公共卫生问题。此前已对埃塞俄比亚的饮酒情况进行过调查；然而，这些调查仅限于特定地区，无法代表埃塞俄比亚不同地区现有的饮酒情况。此外，先前的研究并未充分调查饮酒的空间差异，这可能会阻碍对饮酒实施有效干预。因此，本研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚饮酒的空间分布及其决定因素。
本研究使用了2016年埃塞俄比亚人口与健康调查的二手数据。采用分层两阶段整群抽样技术，共纳入44,023个加权样本。使用ArcGIS 10.7.1版本分析饮酒的空间差异。使用Kuldorff的SaTScan 10.2版本确定饮酒聚集区的统计学显著性。还使用STATA 14版本进行多层次分析，以确定与饮酒相关的因素。
在本研究中，33.15%（95%置信区间：32.5 - 33.8）的研究参与者饮酒，且该国各地区存在具有统计学显著性的空间差异。传统宗教（调整后比值比[AOR]=13.7；95%置信区间：2.68 - 70.3）、地区差异（阿姆哈拉地区 - AOR = 3.56；95%置信区间：1.85 - 6.8）、所在社区识字率较低（AOR = 1.84；95%置信区间：1.1 - 3.18）、吸烟习惯（AOR = 15.82；95%置信区间：4.31 - 58.1）以及咀嚼恰特草（AOR = 2.98；95%置信区间：1.22 - 7.27）与饮酒呈正相关。提格雷、阿姆哈拉以及奥罗米亚地区的部分地方发现了饮酒热点地区。在提格雷和阿姆哈拉地区也观察到了主要聚集区的统计学显著性。
我们发现埃塞俄比亚三分之一的人口饮酒。吸烟习惯、咀嚼恰特草、社区识字率高以及传统宗教是与饮酒相关的因素。因此，埃塞俄比亚联邦政府、卫生部及其他相关机构应合作降低饮酒人口的比例。
