Chen Wenhui, Chen Mengshi, Chen Siyi, Wang Siran, Huang Zijin, Zhang Lining, Wu Jiaming, Peng Weijie, Li Huaqiong, Wen Feng
Yuhuan People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317600, China.
Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China.
Regen Biomater. 2024 Nov 28;12:rbae138. doi: 10.1093/rb/rbae138. eCollection 2025.
Decellularization is the process of obtaining acellular tissues with low immunogenic cellular components from animals or plants while maximizing the retention of the native extracellular matrix structure, mechanical integrity and bioactivity. The decellularized tissue obtained through the tissue decellularization technique retains the structure and bioactive components of its native tissue; it not only exhibits comparatively strong mechanical properties, low immunogenicity and good biocompatibility but also stimulates neovascularization at the implantation site and regulates the polarization process of recruited macrophages, thereby promoting the regeneration of damaged tissue. Consequently, many commercial products have been developed as promising therapeutic strategies for the treatment of different tissue defects and lesions, such as wounds, dura, bone and cartilage defects, nerve injuries, myocardial infarction, urethral strictures, corneal blindness and other orthopedic applications. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the decellularization of fish tissues because of the abundance of sources, less religious constraints and risks of zoonosis transmission between mammals. In this review, we provide a complete overview of the state-of-the-art decellularization of fish tissues, including the organs and methods used to prepare acellular tissues. We enumerated common decellularized fish tissues from various fish organs, such as skin, scale, bladder, cartilage, heart and brain, and elaborated their different processing methods and tissue engineering applications. Furthermore, we presented the perspectives of (i) the future development direction of fish tissue decellularization technology, (ii) expanding the sources of decellularized tissue and (iii) innovating decellularized tissue bio-inks for 3D bioprinting to unleash the great potential of decellularized tissue in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
去细胞化是指从动物或植物中获取具有低免疫原性细胞成分的无细胞组织的过程，同时最大程度地保留天然细胞外基质结构、机械完整性和生物活性。通过组织去细胞化技术获得的去细胞化组织保留了其天然组织的结构和生物活性成分；它不仅具有相对较强的机械性能、低免疫原性和良好的生物相容性，还能刺激植入部位的新血管形成并调节募集的巨噬细胞的极化过程，从而促进受损组织的再生。因此，许多商业产品已被开发出来，作为治疗不同组织缺损和病变的有前景的治疗策略，如伤口、硬脑膜、骨和软骨缺损、神经损伤、心肌梗死、尿道狭窄、角膜盲和其他骨科应用。近年来，由于鱼类来源丰富、宗教限制较少以及哺乳动物之间人畜共患病传播风险较低，人们对鱼类组织的去细胞化越来越感兴趣。在这篇综述中，我们全面概述了鱼类组织去细胞化的最新进展，包括用于制备无细胞组织的器官和方法。我们列举了来自各种鱼类器官的常见去细胞化鱼类组织，如皮肤、鳞片、膀胱、软骨、心脏和大脑，并阐述了它们不同的处理方法和组织工程应用。此外，我们还展望了（i）鱼类组织去细胞化技术的未来发展方向，（ii）扩大去细胞化组织的来源，以及（iii）创新用于3D生物打印的去细胞化组织生物墨水，以释放去细胞化组织在组织工程和再生医学应用中的巨大潜力。
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