Tsige Abate Wondesen, Ayele Siraye Genzeb
School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.
Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Front Cardiovasc Med. 2024 Dec 24;11:1409212. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1409212. eCollection 2024.
Based on office blood pressure (BP) values, hypertension is categorized into three stages: stage 1 (140-159/90-99 mmHg), stage 2 (160-179/100-109 mmHg), and stage 3 (≥180/≥110 mmHg). Malignant hypertension (MHT) is characterized by extreme BP elevation (systolic blood pressure above 200 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure above 130 mmHg) and acute microvascular damage affecting various organs, particularly the retinas, brain, and kidneys.
The pathogenesis, predisposing variables, therapy, and preventive strategies for MHT were examined in this review.
Malignant hypertension requires prompt and efficient treatment because it is the most severe kind of hypertension that affects target organs. At the same time, there are a number of alternatives available for treating MHT. The International Society of Hypertension 2020 and European Society of Cardiology/European Society of Hypertension 2018 recommendations suggest using labetalol and nicardipine as the first-line choice, with urapidil and nitroprusside serving as alternative medications. Elevated risk of MHT has been linked to many socio-demographic and genetic factors.
根据诊室血压值，高血压分为三个阶段：1期（140 - 159/90 - 99 mmHg）、2期（160 - 179/100 - 109 mmHg）和3期（≥180/≥110 mmHg）。恶性高血压（MHT）的特征是血压极度升高（收缩压高于200 mmHg，舒张压高于130 mmHg）以及影响多个器官尤其是视网膜、脑和肾脏的急性微血管损伤。
本综述探讨了恶性高血压的发病机制、易感因素、治疗方法及预防策略。
恶性高血压是影响靶器官的最严重类型的高血压，需要迅速且有效的治疗。同时，治疗恶性高血压有多种选择。国际高血压学会2020年以及欧洲心脏病学会/欧洲高血压学会2018年的建议表明，应将拉贝洛尔和尼卡地平作为一线选择，乌拉地尔和硝普钠作为替代药物。恶性高血压风险升高与许多社会人口学和遗传因素有关。
