de la Cuesta-Torrado María, Velloso Alvarez Ana, Cárdenas-Rebollo José Miguel, Neira-Egea Patricia, Vitale Valentina, Cuervo-Arango Juan
Department Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain.
Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Universidad Cardenal Herrera CEU, Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain.
J Vet Intern Med. 2025 Jan-Feb;39(1):e17287. doi: 10.1111/jvim.17287.
Understanding of equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) myeloencephalopathy (EHM) is complicated by disparities among studies.
Compare clinical findings and outcome in horses involved in 2 recent EHM outbreaks.
Twenty-five and 10 horses affected during 2 natural EHM outbreaks were admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital (VTH) in 2021 and 2023, respectively.
Data collected from the VTH and surveys completed by riders and horse owners were analyzed retrospectively.
No risk factors associated with EHM development showed significant differences between the outbreaks; both outbreaks were caused by A2254/N752 strains. Treatments administered for EHM were not significantly different, whereas the duration was longer in 2021 for flunixin meglumine (P = .01) and dimethyl sulfoxide (P < .001). In 2021, more horses required hospitalization (P = .02), and fatality rate was 32%, whereas in 2023, no patient died. Hospitalization duration was longer in 2021 than in 2023 (P = .06) and 11.7% of horses from 2021 returned to competition within 6 months, whereas 100% in 2023 did (P < .001). Ataxia grade upon admission was equivalent in 2021 and 2023, but factors related to poor prognosis, such as simultaneous development of urinary and vascular complications, occurred in 2021 but not in 2023 (P = .01).
Two EHM outbreaks caused by the A2254/N752 strain differed in disease severity. Urinary complications and systemic signs of vasculitis were important clinical variables associated with prognosis. Systemic complications in horses with EHM lead to a worse prognosis.
马疱疹病毒1型（EHV-1）引起的脑脊髓炎（EHM）在不同研究中的差异使人们对其的理解变得复杂。
比较近期两次EHM疫情中马匹的临床表现和预后情况。
2021年和2023年分别有25匹和10匹在两次自然EHM疫情中受影响的马匹被收治于一家兽医教学医院（VTH）。
对从VTH收集的数据以及骑手和马主完成的调查问卷进行回顾性分析。
两次疫情之间，与EHM发生相关的风险因素无显著差异；两次疫情均由A2254/N752毒株引起。针对EHM给予的治疗无显著差异，但2021年氟尼辛葡甲胺（P = 0.01）和二甲亚砜（P < 0.001）的使用时间更长。2021年，更多马匹需要住院治疗（P = 0.02），死亡率为32%，而2023年无病马死亡。2021年的住院时间比2023年长（P = 0.06），2021年11.7%的马匹在6个月内恢复比赛，而2023年这一比例为100%（P < 0.001）。2021年和2023年入院时的共济失调分级相当，但与预后不良相关的因素，如泌尿和血管并发症同时出现，在2021年出现而在2023年未出现（P = 0.01）。
由A2254/N752毒株引起的两次EHM疫情在疾病严重程度上有所不同。泌尿并发症和血管炎的全身症状是与预后相关的重要临床变量。EHM马匹的全身并发症会导致预后更差。
