de la Cuesta-Torrado María, Velloso Alvarez Ana, Santiago-Llorente Isabel, Armengou Lara, Nieto Federico, Ríos José, Cruz-López Fátima, Jose-Cunilleras Eduard
Dept. Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Alfara del Patriarca, Spain.
Hospital Clínico Veterinario Complutense, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
J Vet Intern Med. 2025 Mar-Apr;39(2):e70040. doi: 10.1111/jvim.70040.
Equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM) is a persistent threat to horses, with unclear risk factors and disease severity.
To evaluate risk factors, effective reproduction rate (Rt), and long-term athletic outcomes of an EHM outbreak.
Retrospective study of the 2021 EHM outbreak in Valencia, Spain, examining associations between risk factors (sex, age, breed, country of origin, and vaccination status) and case fatality rate, EHM development, and odds of returning to competition using odds ratios [95% CI] and Rt via the Robert Kochs Institute method.
Among 191 horses, 38 (20%) were clinically normal, 13 (7%) were subclinical, and 140 (73%) presented clinical signs (89 EHM, 64%). One hundred sixty horses were isolated at the show, while 47 were treated in hospitals. The mean age was 9.8 ± 3.0 years; 85 (45%) were mares, 79 (41%) geldings, and 27 (14%) stallions. The EHM case fatality rate was 11/89 (12%). Vaccination was associated with EHM development (4.54[2.23-9.27]; OR[95% CI]; p < 0.001) and case fatality rate (3.9[1.1-14.4]; OR[95% CI]; p < 0.043). EHV-1-infected horses without EHM were more likely to return to competition (54/61; 89%) than those recovering from EHM (65/89; 73%; p = 0.024). It was initially 4.2 and decreased to < 1 within 2 weeks of the outbreak.
During the 2021 EHV-1 outbreak in Valencia, vaccination status appears to be associated with EHM development. Horses recovering from EHM had slightly lower chances of returning to competition than those shedding EHV-1 without EHM. The high R value underscores the contagious nature of EHV-1.
马疱疹病毒脑脊髓炎（EHM）对马匹构成持续威胁，其风险因素和疾病严重程度尚不清楚。
评估EHM疫情的风险因素、有效繁殖率（Rt）和长期运动成绩。
对2021年西班牙巴伦西亚的EHM疫情进行回顾性研究，使用比值比[95%可信区间]和通过罗伯特·科赫研究所方法计算的Rt，研究风险因素（性别、年龄、品种、原产国和疫苗接种状况）与病死率、EHM发病情况以及恢复参赛几率之间的关联。
在191匹马中，38匹（20%）临床正常，13匹（7%）亚临床，140匹（73%）出现临床症状（89例EHM，占64%）。160匹马在展会期间被隔离，47匹在医院接受治疗。平均年龄为9.8±3.0岁；85匹（45%）为母马，79匹（41%）为公马，27匹（14%）为种马。EHM病死率为11/89（12%）。疫苗接种与EHM发病（4.54[2.23 - 9.27]；比值比[95%可信区间]；p<0.001）和病死率（3.9[1.1 - 14.4]；比值比[95%可信区间]；p<0.043）相关。未患EHM的EHV - 1感染马比从EHM中恢复的马更有可能恢复参赛（54/61；89%对65/89；73%；p = 0.024）。疫情初期Rt为4.2，在疫情爆发后2周内降至<1。
在2021年巴伦西亚的EHV - 1疫情期间，疫苗接种状况似乎与EHM发病有关。从EHM中恢复的马恢复参赛的几率略低于未患EHM但 shedding EHV - 1的马。较高的R值突出了EHV - 1的传染性。 （注：原文中“shedding EHV - 1”直译为“ shedding EHV - 1”，可能表述有误，推测可能是“感染EHV - 1”之类更合理的表述，但按要求未修改。）
